基于高光谱遥感的藻华生消过程不同阶段判别方法研究——以乌梁素海为例

Frequent outbreak of Huangtai algae blooms in the WuliangsuHai Lake, which has severely damaged the local ecological environment, has become constraint factor of local economic development. In addition, due to the special natural geographical environment, vulnerability of ecological system of the WuliangsuHai has highlighted, so that monitoring and prevention to algae blooms in the WuliangsuHai has become a significant environmental problem.Based on hyperspectral remote sensing and in situ measurement, the variation of bio-optical properties during "Huang Tai" algae blooms growth and decay process was investigated in this project. In addition, the bio-optical identification model of algae blooms growth and decay process based on multi-parameters in different stages and feature parameters retrieval model of hyperspectral remote sensing data will be constructed in this project. Then identification model of algae blooms growth and decay process will be applied and verified based on hyperspectral remote sensing data. This project would not only expand the water color hyperspectral remote sensing algae bloom monitoring techniques, but also has significance on development and improvement of Huangtai algae bloom monitoring and early warning system in the WuliangsuHai Lake. Moreover, this will offer scientific and technical support for decision-making.

乌梁素海频繁爆发的黄苔藻华，严重破坏了当地的生态环境，已成为制约当地经济发展的重要因素，加之内蒙古特殊的自然地理环境，湖泊生态系统的脆弱性突出，使得如何监测和防治藻华灾害成为乌梁素海亟待解决的重大环境问题。本项目拟基于高光谱遥感技术和现场围隔实验数据，揭示黄苔藻华生消过程中水体生物光学性质的演变规律，基于多元特征参量建立黄苔藻华生消过程不同阶段的生物光学判别模型，构建特征参量的高光谱遥感反演算法，并通过现场和卫星同步立体观测实验，开展基于高光谱遥感的藻华生消过程不同阶段判别方法的真实性验证工作。本项目研究成果拓展了水色卫星高光谱遥感资料在藻华监测中的技术方法，可为乌梁素海黄苔藻华监测预警系统的建立和完善提供科学数据和技术支撑，对政府部门制定相关政策具有重要意义。

本项目选取乌梁素海为研究区域，开展了乌梁素海生物光学综合观测实验，建立了乌梁素海生物光学数据库；综合分析了水生植被光谱曲线，并构建了基于高分一号（GF-1）卫星的水生植被（挺水植被、沉水植被、黄苔）遥感判别方法；建立了基于Landsat-8卫星的不同水体类型水色要素浓度遥感反演算法，分析了乌梁素海悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度的时空分布特征；开展室外黄苔培养实验，分析了黄苔不同生长阶段的光谱特征；建立了基于Landsat8卫星的乌梁素海水深遥感反演模型。