分时复用波束形成结合碳纳米粒子靶向肿瘤热疗方法

Tumor microwave hyperthermia is based on microwave heating tumor to a certain temperature range and keeps a period of time to achieve the effect of the treatment of cancer. However, the guarantee of the sufficient physical energy that can be directly ransported to the relevant organizations to produce effective killing temperatures and the ensurence about that there are no damage of the normal tissue as much as possible in the course of treatment, without causing the body surface burns or other accidental injury, both two aspects have been restricting the application of tumor microwave hyperthermia. This paper intends to put the carbon nanoparticles and the chemotherapeutic agents wrapped in targeting material directly into the tumor tissue, so that , the conductivity of the tumor tissue is increased, and at the condition of microwave directional heating, the performance of the tumor tissue absorb chemotherapy drugs and the tumor tissue heating effect can be increased obviously. Combined the electromagnetic field distribution of radiation array in the tumor tissue calculated by FDTD with the heat conduction equation, the temperature distribution could be obtained, in order to keep heating the tumor continuously without damaging normal tissue, different emitter array sub-period the switch work has been designed and studyed. In this paper, based on the demonstration of the combination of microwave and carbon nanoparticles targeting technology role in promoting tumor treatment and the discussion on the new method of microwave treatment of cancer of the time division multiplexing to beamforming technology, a new strategy which can achieve the target that in the process of continuous treatment, the tumor could keep a certain temperature range and no damage for the normal tissues has been explored in detail.

肿瘤微波热疗是以微波加热肿瘤到一定的温度范围，并保持一段时间达到治疗肿瘤的方法。然而，保证将足够的物理能量定向地输送到相关组织，并产生有效的杀灭温度；保证在治疗过程中尽可能不损伤正常组织，不造成体表灼伤或其他意外伤害，这两个方面一直制约着肿瘤微波热疗的应用。本项目拟研究使用靶向材料包裹碳纳米粒子和化疗药物，使碳纳米粒子和化疗药物定向输入到肿瘤组织后，增加肿瘤组织的电导率，在微波定向加热下提高肿瘤组织吸收化疗药物的性能和肿瘤组织的加热效果；利用 FDTD 计算辐射器阵列在肿瘤组织的电磁场分布，结合热传导方程求出温度分布，以在不损伤正常组织情况下对肿瘤持续加热为目标，设计不同的辐射器阵列分时段切换工作。以论证微波结合碳纳米粒子靶向技术对肿瘤治疗的提升作用，探讨微波治疗肿瘤的分时复用波束形成技术的新方法，以期探寻将肿瘤维持一定温度范围内，进行持续治疗的过程中不损伤正常组织。

肿瘤微波热疗方法是通过微波加热肿瘤组织达到加热肿瘤细胞死亡目的的一种热疗方法，本研究前期通过编写基于FDTD数值计算程序，计算组织中的电磁场分布并根据经典的Pennes生物热传导方程计算模拟温度场。通过电磁场与微波理论和采用编制好的FDTD数值仿真软件和商业的HFSS软件设计辐射器，并设计了多种天线阵列，对已制作的天线进行调试达到与仿真相同的结果。波束合成技术主要是依靠HFSS仿真结果结合温度场的计算，给出不同阵列在频率、功率，加热时间，不同相位的控制下，形成的热场分布，从而产生不同的热图。在得到不同的热图库中，对需要治疗的肿瘤CT图像进行匹配检索，图像匹配搜索过程是首先提取所有的热图的相关特征值形成样本特征库，满足特征匹配的初始要求。将肿瘤CT图像提取出的特征值输入温度图像样本特征库，通过在样本特征库中的搜索匹配，选出最相似的温度图。基于二维图像匹配方法设计出三维序列温度匹配，即沿着一个方向按照序列取若干组肿瘤CT图像和温度图像进行匹配并分析肿瘤CT图像与热图的匹配程度。在实验阶段，购买了用于实验的体模材料和金属纳米粒子，并配置了人体组织模型，使用金纳米粒子，铁纳米粒子和银纳米粒子，在配比浓度分别为0.024mg/ml，0.5mg/ml，2.25mg/ml下进行了单辐射器的体模试验，实验表明含有金属材料纳米粒子要比纯体模材料的加热效果好，并且浓度大的配比浓度比浓度小的加热效果好。设计了分时复用结合波束形成的热疗方案，并分别在体膜和实体组织上进行了实验，实验结果验证了仿真的正确性。