海上弱小目标探测信息融合新机理及方法研究

Aiming at the existing problems of radar sea weak target detection, such as the low detection probability,the slow track initiation speed, the discontinuous and unstable target tracking and so on, fine cognitive of sea clutter property is developed. Combining the mechanismof sea clutter and target echoes, the target detection and tracking methods are studied respectively. Based on this, the new fusion method of informationfrom target detection and tracking is developed in order to promote the performance of detecting the sea weak targets. The main contents include: (1) studying the fine cognitive method of sea clutter property based on electromagnetic scattering mechanism, for the purpose of providing the detection methods with environment characteristics and fine features; (2) studying weak target detection methods within sea clutter based on coupling mechanism, and exploring the information of weak target and its influence on the environment in order to promote target detecting performance; (3)aiming at the problems of the sea weak targets, such as dense targets, irregular movement, arbitrary detection time, etc.studying new robust tracking method on condition of multi-source information fusion, to resolve the track initiation and continuous tracking problems of weak target in dense clutter environment; (4)studying new fusion method of information respectively from target detection and tracking, through enriching ancillary detection-level informationfor target tracking andthe feedback of tracking-level information to target detection processing.

针对雷达海上弱小目标探测中存在的检测概率低、编批速度慢、跟踪不连续、不稳定等难题，以海杂波特性精细认知为基础，从目标检测和目标跟踪两方面切入，结合机理开展检测与跟踪技术研究，并在此基础上进行检测与跟踪级的信息融合新方法研究，提升雷达对海上弱小目标的探测能力。主要研究内容包括：（1）结合海面电磁散射机理的海杂波精细特性认知方法研究，为目标检测方法研究提供环境特性和精细化特征；（2）基于耦合机理研究海面弱小目标融合检测方法，发掘弱小目标自身以及对环境的影响信息，提高检测性能；（3）针对海上弱小目标密集、运动不规则、可视时间随意性强等难点，研究多源信息融合稳健跟踪新方法，解决密集杂波下弱小目标的航迹起始和持续跟踪难题；（4）面向海上弱小目标的检测跟踪级信息融合新方法研究，丰富向目标跟踪提供的检测级辅助信息，并实现跟踪级信息向检测处理的反馈。

变化多端的海洋环境、对抗加剧的电磁环境以及隐身技术的快速发展，海战场环境越来越复杂，强海杂波背景下弱小目标探测存在检测概率低、虚假航迹起始率高、跟踪不稳定不连续等问题。从目标检测和跟踪技术层面深入分析弱小目标及环境的复杂特性，开展海杂波精细化特性认知、目标融合检测和多源信息融合稳健跟踪新机理及方法研究，提升海上弱小目标探测能力。.（1）在海杂波精细化特性认知方面，从多表示域分析了不同条件下海杂波数据，重点解决了高分辨率雷达在小擦地角下海杂波幅度分布拖尾和多普勒谱时变特性建模问题，建立了海杂波幅度分布多参数融合模型和短时多普勒谱模型，改善了建模精度，为海上目标检测和精细化处理奠定了基础。.（2）在海面弱小目标融合检测方面，构造了固有模态函数分形特征、非线性特征等多表示域差异特征，通过高分辨时频处理，剔除海杂波能量，实现海杂波抑制，并根据目标运动特点采用变换域处理方法积累目标能量，改善信杂比，提高了雷达对海上目标融合检测性能。.（3）在海上弱小目标跟踪方面，建立了基于先验信息约束的确定参数Hough变换快速航迹起始模型，在正确起始目标航迹、抑制虚假航迹和缩短航迹起始时间等方面性能优越；基于航向航速约束和平方根容积的多传感器数据互联算法，提升了目标跟踪精度和收敛速度。.（4）在海上弱小目标的检测跟踪级信息融合方面，采用跟踪级反馈信息对目标位置进行标记，辅助近程杂波抑制与目标检测，提高背景估计的准确性；形成了基于可信关联的雷达断续航迹关联算法，该算法不受中断时间长短、随机误差大小的影响，关联准确率高。.该项目发表论文71篇，授权发明专利21项，出版专著1部，培养硕博研究生21名，4人获中国科协青年人才托举工程资助，1人获山东省青创科技计划资助。项目相关成果可应用于机载、岸基等不同平台雷达对海上目标检测与跟踪性能提升，应用前景广阔。.