基于宽带电调超表面的频率可重构天线RCS减缩技术研究

Frequency reconfigurable antenna (FRA) has good application prospect in airborne, spaceborne and other platforms. Its Radar Cross Section has a significant influence on the stealth performance of the platform. This project focuses on the research of the electromagnetic metasurface (MS) with wide tunning range, and its application on RCS reduction of FRA. Firstly, according to the working mechanism of the MS, the equivalent circuit model of MS is established, then absorption and phase modulation mechanism are analyzed, and the electronic control technology is applied to the design of MS. The absorption and phase modulation bandwidth are broadened by integrating electric components to the MS. Secondly, the regulation law of the scattering field at different frequencies is studied. Multi - parameter target optimization function is established and high - efficiency numerical algorithm is used to optimize MS with specified function. Finally, the wide-band tunable electromagnetic MS is applied to the FRA. The electric field and current distribution of the antenna at different frequencies are studied. Specific loading method of the MS in the antenna is explored, and its influence on the antenna radiation and scattering performance is analyzed in detail. Dynamical control of scattering performance and effective RCS reduction in specific directions are realized in a wide frequency range, while ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna.

频率可重构天线在机载、星载等各类平台中具有良好的应用前景，其雷达散射截面积(RCS)减缩对平台整体隐身性能的提高至关重要。本项目致力于电磁超表面的宽带电调技术研究，并探索其在频率可重构天线RCS减缩中的应用。首先从电磁超表面的工作机理出发，建立其等效电路模型，深入分析超表面的吸波和相位调制机理，并将电子控制技术与超表面设计相结合，通过合理加载电子器件，提高超表面的吸波和相位调制工作带宽。其次，研究不同频率下超表面对空间散射场的调控规律，以宽频带内的散射场分布特征为目标，建立多参数目标优化函数，采用高效数值算法优化实现具有指定功能的超表面。最后，将宽带可调电磁超表面应用于频率可重构天线，研究不同频率下天线表面的电场、电流分布规律，探索超表面在天线中的具体加载方式，详细分析其对天线辐射和散射性能的影响，在保证天线辐射性能的同时，实现宽带范围内散射性能的动态实时调控和指定方向RCS的有效减缩。

本研究将电磁超表面技术、可重构技术和微带天线有机结合，创新地研究了宽带电磁超表面及其在频率可重构天线RCS减缩中的应用。以反射型电磁超表面为主要对象，建立了电磁超表面的等效电路模型，深入分析了超表面的吸波和相位调制机理，探索了不同拓扑结构对吸波、相位调制特性的影响规律，通过新型磁介质加载、多谐振结构级联、多层介质堆叠、单元结构分形以及电子元器件加载等方法，有效提高了超表面的工作带宽，优化设计出了具有宽带及可调特性的电磁超表面结构。将宽带吸波/相位调制电磁超表面与频率可重构天线进行了一体化设计，提出了基于宽带电磁超表面的低RCS频率可重构天线设计方案，探索了利用超表面的吸波和相位调制特性提高频率可重构天线隐身性能的途径和方法，优化设计出了多种具有低RCS特性的天线及天线阵列，兼顾了天线的辐射性能和散射性能。在以上研究的基础上，拓展研究了多功能电磁超表面设计，实现了对全空间电磁波的实时动态调控。本研究不仅从理论上推进了宽带超表面的研究进展，同时也为高增益、低RCS微带天线的设计提供了新思路，为其在隐身装备中的工程应用奠定了坚实的技术基础。