There are abundant of rock phosphates in China, but most of them are mid-low grade rock phosphates. They are often poor of phosphorus, small of particle size, and complex of composition. It will cause high cost and severe pollution if process them by traditionally beneficiation methods. Therefore, it is paid more and more attentions to process the mid-low grade rock phosphates by microbial technology, especially for the low-grade rock phosphates. This project will explore the microbial community structures in different phosphate mines, and isolate the dominant phosphate-solubilizing strains from these phosphate mines. The characteristics and mechanisms of solubilization of low-grade rock phosphates by different isolates will be studied, and their metabolization and the relationship of their metabolite and phosphate-solubilizing capacities will be analyzed. The polyphase interfacial interactions between microorganism-mineral-solution in phosphate-solubilizing system will be also clarified. The project will study the reasonable combination of different phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and their capacities and efficiency of solubilization of different sources of low-grade rock phosphates, and thus optimize the group of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. The influencing factors and their regulations of solubilization of low-grade rock phosphates by microbial flora will be also studied. The project will clarify the process intensification mechanisms of synergistic solubilization of low-grade rock phosphates by microbial flora, and build a dynamic model of microbial solubilization of low-grade rock phosphates. A technical prototype of solubilization of low-grade rock phosphates by microorganisms will be formed. The study will provide theoretic basis and technical support for the reasonable exploitation and scientific utilization of the abundant resources of low-grade rock phosphates in China.
我国磷矿资源丰富,但主要为中低品位磷矿,具有“贫、细、杂”等特点,传统的选矿富集方法处理它们不仅成本较高,而且容易对环境造成严重的污染,因而利用微生物技术处理中低品位磷矿,特别是低品位磷矿越来越受到重视。本项目拟探索不同磷矿矿山中微生物的群落结构,分离筛选优势解磷微生物菌株;研究不同分离菌株对低品位磷矿的分解特征和作用机理,分析解磷体系中微生物的生长代谢特性及其代谢产物与解磷作用的关系,阐明解磷体系中微生物-矿物-溶液多相界面作用;研究不同微生物菌株的合理复配及其对不同产地低品位磷矿的分解作用和效率,优化解磷微生物菌群组合;研究微生物菌群分解低品位磷矿的影响因素及其调控,阐明微生物菌群协同分解低品位磷矿的过程强化机制,构建低品位磷矿微生物分解的动力学模型,形成微生物分解低品位磷矿的技术原型,为我国丰富的低品位磷矿资源的合理开发和科学利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
我国磷矿资源丰富,但主要为中低品位磷矿,具有“贫、细、杂”等特点,传统的选矿富集方法处理它们不仅成本较高,而且容易对环境造成严重的污染。基于此,本项目将着眼于解决我国丰富的低品位磷矿资源的利用难题,以环境友好为出发点,通过生物技术手段,研究微生物菌群协同分解低品位磷矿的过程强化机制,重点开展了不同来源微生物菌群分解低品位磷矿的过程和作用机理以及微生物群落结构变化,高效解磷微生物菌株的分离筛选及菌群组合优化,微生物菌群分解低品位磷矿的影响因素及其调控以及有机酸对低品位磷矿的活化及释磷动力学等方面的研究。项目取得了以下几方面的重要成果:(1)创新性地从城市废水处理厂活性污泥和小麦根际土壤中分离筛选高效解磷微生物菌群,并分别在摇瓶、自制的小型生物反应器和柱浸反应装置中实现了对低品位磷矿的有效生物分解。(2)从磷矿土壤和矿坑水中分离出两个土著解磷微生物菌群,均能在PKV和NBRIP培养基中稳定生长,并持续释放磷矿粉中的可溶性磷。(3)利用3株嗜热铁氧化菌优化组合成一个嗜热铁氧化菌群,在黄铁矿存在下高效分解低品位磷矿。(4)通过富集、分离纯化和优化组合获得了菌群、单一菌株和复合菌株3种类型解磷微生物,以菌群的溶磷效果最佳,其次是复合菌株,单一菌株溶磷效果相对较差。(5)在相同的浓度下,草酸对磷矿中磷的活化效果明显强于其它有机酸,其活化过程整体符合一级动力学方程。(6)首次采用从摇篮到门的生命周期评估方法和生命周期成本方法来评估饲料级磷酸一二钙产品生产的环境影响和经济成本。在此基础上,对磷酸一二钙产品生产过程中原料和能耗进行了详细定量分析。(7)分离筛选了一株假单胞菌LA,发现其具有较强的溶磷和固铅能力,可以用于磷矿废弃地铅污染的生物修复。以上研究成果阐明了微生物菌群协同分解低品位磷矿的过程强化机制,对我国丰富的低品位磷矿资源的合理开发和科学利用具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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