多组分纳米衣壳状超分子的仿生自组装合成及其应用

Spontaneous and precise assembly of multiple protein subunits into giant, well-defined, functional superstructures is a common phenomenon in nature, such as the formation of spherical virus capsids which are consist of hundreds to thousands of identical protein subunits. Inspired by such a simple biological process, this project called "Biomimetic Self-Assembly and Application of Multi-Component Supramolecular Nano-Capsids " plans to use sophisticated coordination-directed self-assembly approach to design and synthesis artificial capsid-like supramolecular nano-structure with larger number of components and inner cavities, and further expand their application potential. In comparison to their biological counterparts, the merits of these artificial nano-capsids include their simple preparation methods, adjustable sizes and easy to functionalization structures. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide an easy, high-efficient, molecular-level controllable approach in the construction of artificial nano-capsids. Moreover, we also plan to develop their potential applications in molecular recognition and sensing, inorganic\organic materials preparation, targeted drug delivery and other aspects, based on a supramolecular host-guest chemistry method.

自然界中广泛存在着许多蛋白亚基通过自发而精确的形成特定功能超级结构的多组分自组装现象，比如具有正二十面体构型的球状病毒的衣壳结构等。在这一现象的启发下，本项目“多组分纳米衣壳状超分子的仿生自组装合成及其应用”计划运用成熟的配位导向自组装的方法来设计合成具有更多组分、更大体积的中空超分子纳米衣壳状组装体，并开拓这类超分子体系的应用研究。对比天然的蛋白质衣壳结构，这类人工纳米衣壳拥有制备方法简单、尺寸可控、结构可修饰性强等优点。本研究的最终目的是提供一种可以从分子层面进行设计调控的、简单高效的仿生人工纳米衣壳结构制备的新方法，同时运用超分子主客体化学的方法开发这类人工纳米衣壳结构在分子识别与传感，无机有机材料的可控制备，靶向药物传输等方面的潜在应用。

在自然界广泛存在的生物自组装现象的启发下，本项目开展了基于配位导向自组装策略的人工多组分超分子体系的自组装构筑与功能化应用探索。运用配位组装的定向合成方法，我们成功在具有多重阴离子响应性识别的金属-有机大环、78组分无机有机杂化超分子纳米管、发光稀土-有机多面体等多组分超分子组装体系的结构设计与构筑、发光性能调控、痕量爆炸物选择性传感检测、及高效小分子催化应用等领域开展了系统深入的研究工作并在多个方面取得创新成果。为新型分子探针、发光无机有机杂化材料、纳米催化材料的开发等提供了新型超分子材料设计方案。同时，我们还发展了诱导匹配自组装、分级保护自组装、手性诱导一体化自组装等新的自组装合成手段，为具有特定功能的复杂超分子体系的自下而上可控构筑提供了新思路。