基于高精度微震监测的岩层破裂与移动轨迹追踪基础研究

Mining damage is one of the major obstacles to sustainable development of the coal industry. The proper mechanics model of coal mining damage is the basis of mining subsidence prediction and mining damage identification. Relying on the self-developed microseismic monitoring system with high precision and dynamic stress monitoring system, the viewpoint, tracking the trajectory of strata fracturing and movement by high-precision microseismic monitoring and tracking the trajectory of inflection point movement by dynamic monitoring of stress, is proposed in the project. Combined with the monitoring data of more than 20 coal mines, the relationships, between inflection point movement and abutment pressure evolution, between strata fracturing and vibration field evolution, between surface deformation and displacement field evolution are to be studied. Coal mining damage mechanics model, which is the integration of mining pressure, strata fracturing and movement and surface subsidence, is to be established. The results are expected to provide a new approach of coal mining damage prediction. According to the study of this project, it is expected to improve the accuracy of coal mining damage and subsidence prediction, and provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for further study on predicting and identification of coal mining damage. The results are of significance for coal mining damage study.

开采损害问题是煤矿行业可持续发展的主要阻碍之一。正确的煤矿开采损害力学模型是进行开采损害与沉陷预计、开采损害鉴定的基础。本项目依靠自主研发的高精度微震监测系统和应力动态监测系统，提出采用高精度微震监测追踪岩层破裂与移动轨迹及采用应力动态监测追踪拐点移动轨迹的观点，结合20多个煤矿的监测资料，研究拐点移动与采场围岩支承压力演化关系、岩层破裂和移动与震动场演化关系、地表变形与位移场演化关系，探讨采场矿山压力、岩层破裂与移动、地表沉陷一体化的煤矿开采损害力学模型，为煤矿开采损害预计提供一种新的方法。期望通过本项目研究，提高煤矿开采损害与沉陷预计的准确性，为更好的开展煤矿开采损害预计、鉴定提供理论依据和实践基础。项目成果对煤矿开采损害问题研究具有重要的现实意义。

本项目依靠高精度微震、应力和位移监测系统，研究了采场矿山压力、岩层破裂与移动、地表沉陷之间的相互关系，结果表明：地表位移拐点位置与支承压力峰值位置发生重叠；上覆存在坚硬岩层的矿井其破裂高度存在“平台效应”和突变现象；地表沉陷启动距、下沉速度、下沉量随着地质条件不同而表现不同。在上述研究的基础上，分别建立了煤矿开采矿震损害模型、煤矿开采防冲模型、煤矿开采地表下沉和岩层运动模型、煤矿开采上覆岩层空间结构模型，揭示了煤矿开采损害（矿震、冲击地压）的发生机理，并提出开采损害防治模型。.课题组通过建立“微震”—“应力”—“位移”一体化煤矿开采损害防冲模型，并将该模型成功应用于深部煤矿开采防冲设计。通过现场监测，理论分析，得到支承压力分布规律和影响范围，最后将上述结果应用于工作面超前支护设计、冲击地压监测与预卸压范围和工作面停采线位置确定等。因此，本项目对矿山开采损害防治具有重要的现实意义。.