石墨炔/过渡金属硫化物层状复合杂化电极材料的可控制备

The low energy storage capacity of electrode materials is currently one of the key issues that limit the widespread use of metal ion batteries. The main solution to these problems is to explore new electrode materials with high energy/power density. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been widely used as electrode materials for metal ion batteries because of their high specific capacity and thermal and chemical stability. However, the rapid capacity decay and low conductivity of transition metal dichalcogenides have hindered its further development as an electrode material. The most perfect solution is to form sandwich structure with conductive carbon material. Graphdiyne (GDY) is a porous carbon allotrope with carbon hybridization of sp and sp2, which can be chemically synthesized. It has a two-dimensional planar porous structure and can be gradually and layer-by-layer grown with transition metal dichalcogenides. In this project, graphdiyne will be used as support material for transition metal dichalcogenides to form the sandwich structure with 2D/2D heterojunction. We will prepare hybrid materials with different morphologies by different routes. And through the study of its growth process to obtain a new strategy for the preparation of such materials. The hybrid materials will also be used as electrode materials for metal ion batteries, and the relationship between the structure and energy storage properties will be discussed. This project will provide theoretical and experimental support for the design and preparation of novel graphdiyne-based layered hybrid materials with high storage properties.

电极材料的低能量存储能力是目前限制金属离子电池广泛应用的关键问题之一，解决这类问题的主要途径是探索具有高能量/功率密度的新型电极材料。过渡金属硫化物因较高的比容量以及热、化学稳定性被广泛用作金属离子电池的电极材料,但较快的容量衰减及较低的导电率是其作为电极材料应用的瓶颈，理想的一个解决方案就是将其与碳材料相互穿插形成层状结构。石墨炔是目前唯一一种可化学合成的碳同素异形体，具有二维平面多孔结构，可以与过渡金属硫化物互为基底，逐步逐层穿插生长。本研究拟利用石墨炔作为过渡金属硫化物的支撑材料，通过不同的途径可控制备石墨炔/过渡金属硫化物层状“三明治”结构复合杂化材料。并将此类材料用作金属离子电池的电极材料，探讨其结构与能量储存间的构效关系。此项目将通过获得杂化材料的可控制备新方法及其结构与金属离子电池性能的构效关系，为设计制备新型高储能性质的石墨炔杂化材料提供理论和实验支持。

获得具有高能量及功率密度的电极材料是金属离子电池应用的关键。虽然过渡金属硫化物具有高比容量以及热、化学稳定性，但较快的容量衰减及较低的导电率限制了其应用。本研究通过对合成条件的调节与控制，利用原位法合成了石墨炔/过渡金属硫化物层状复合杂化电极材料，将其用作锂离子电池的电极材料，表现出高效且优异的储能性能，并且有良好的稳定性。通过研究建立了可控的石墨炔基复合杂化材料构建策略，并深入研究其形貌和结构之间的构效关系，获得了该类复合杂化材料结构和储能性质之间的作用机制。在此基础上，拓展研究了氮掺杂石墨炔的氮掺杂量与锂离子电池和钠离子电池性能之间的关系，同时研讨了不同结构特征的石墨炔基纳米材料在电化学储能器件以及电化学能源催化中的应用及所面临的挑战。本项目按计划圆满完成了研究任务，超额实现了预期目标。在Chemical Engineering Journal、2D Materials、Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities、Advanced Functional Materials等国内外高水平SCI收录期刊发表第一作者和合作文章共5篇，申请专利3项；参与培养博士研究生和硕士研究生各1名。本项目成功实现并拓展了石墨炔类杂化纳米材料合成及在金属离子电池应用方面的研究，为石墨炔类材料的基础研究及应用提供了一定的理论和实验支持。