利用1m级望远镜开展活动星系核测光反响映射测量

As a fundamental parameter, black hole (BH) mass and its cosmology evolution play a key role in our understanding of physical processes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their impact on galaxy evolution. BH masses in AGN can be measured via reverberation mapping (RM), that measures the response of broad emission lines to variations of continuum. Hitherto, RM measurements have been made for 50 AGN, and a useful empirical relation between size of broad line region and luminosity (R-L) was found, which is the basis for BH mass estimate in other AGN. Our long term goal is to increase the sample of RM by a factor 4 in next ten years by combing narrow and broad band photometry using one 1m telescope of NOAC and two 1.2m telescopes being built by USTC for space quantum experiment. This will vastly improve the coverage of AGN parameter space, and allow to explore whether R-L relation depends on certain hiden parameters and its potential as cosmology probe, and provided a unique black hole mass measured sample for AGN study . We will build necessary astronomical instruments and develop control software, simulation and analysis tools. We will monitor hundreds of AGN in broad and narrow bands in order to obtain RM measurements.

作为活动星系核的基本参数，黑洞质量和及其宇宙学演化深刻影响我们对吸积系统物理过程、黑洞增长过程以及星系演化的理解。活动星系核的质量测量最常见的方法通过测量宽发射线对连续谱光变的响应从而推断气体的状态（反响映射），进而简单动力学模型计算出黑洞质量。到目前为止反响映射测量不足50个，从中推出著名的宽线区尺度-光度(R-L)关系，成为估算其他活动星系黑洞质量的基础。本项目的长远目标利用空间量子实验1m级望远镜（包括国台1m和科大新建2个1.2m)，通过宽窄波段结合的方法将反响映射的测量增加4倍， 大幅改善反响映射测量活动星系核样本的参数空间覆盖，检验R-L关系是否依赖其他参数以及R-L关系作为宇宙学距离测量的能力、为其他波段研究提供黑洞质量测量的独特样本。本项目将为望远镜发展必要天文设备以及相应的软件、模拟工具，并对几百个活动星系核类星体开展长期的宽窄波段监测。

反响映射技术-是通过测量宽大射线对连续谱的光变响应-是最常用测量活动星系核黑洞质量-系统的一个基本参数和探测AGN结构的方法。本项目旨发展1米级小望远镜上的窄波段测光终端设备，以开展高效率的测光反响映射，并对大样本的AGN观测开展光变监测。本项目开展以来，我们完成了二通道的图像仪的研制、安装、调试，发展了控制软件、科学模拟工具以及数据分析软件。项目组发表研究论文发表研究论文20篇。定量刻画Mg II线对连续谱变化的响应幅度；澄清吸收线光变的机理，并用于开展宽吸收线外流参数估计；从红外光变区分活动星系类型转变的二类机制；第一次在恒星撕裂事件中测量到红外的回响信号，并实现反响映射测量了尘埃环内壁的结构。部分成果被nature news介绍，NASA新闻发布以及AAS Nova亮点介绍。