空间分布式SAR高精度干涉成像基础理论与关键技术

As an innovative application of spacecraft system in the field of earth observation, the space high-precision SAR interferometric system is a perfect combination distributed spacecraft system and multi-dimensional SAR interference technology. Aimed at the national development needs of high resolution in earth observation, multi-mechanism/multi-dimensional principle of distributed SAR system is analyzed. And several key technology problems have been solved, such as definite quality factors transfer ways of multi-system interference imaging, formation optimization and control faced baseline stability and safety operation, high precision baseline determination based on multi-source data fusion, high precision complex correlation matrix estimation of space-time-frequency-polarization multi-dimensional interference SAR and so on. Also, the project indicates the precision requirement for configuration control and measurement, orbit and attitude determination, individual satellite attitude stability, and phase measurement and control. Then, oriented task demand, we would combine the relevant theory with engineering practice to solve the core critical issues in engineering applications. These results will also offer theoretical support for acquirement and processing of spatial information, furthermore, it would promote the rapid development of network-oriented theory and spatial information science.

作为航天器系统在对地观测领域的一种创新应用，空间分布式SAR高精度干涉成像系统是分布式航天器系统技术和SAR干涉技术的完美结合。项目紧密围绕高分辨率对地观测国家重大专项发展需求，剖析空间分布式SAR多体制/多维干涉原理；通过解决空间分布式SAR高精度干涉成像发展过程中面临的空/时/频/极化多维干涉SAR高精度复相关矩阵估计、多体制干涉成像质量影响因素传递机理、面向基线稳定和安全运行的队形优化与控制以及基于多源数据融合的高精度基线确定等关键问题，提出高精度干涉成像对卫星编队队形控制与测量的精度要求以及对航天器定轨/定姿/平台稳定性和相位测量误差与控制精度要求。在此基础上以任务需求驱动为导向，将相关理论与工程应用相结合以解决工程应用中所面临的关键问题并进行相应的地面仿真验证。研究成果将为高分专项中空间信息的快速获取和处理提供理论支持，进而推进空间信息网络理论与空间信息科学的快速发展。

本项目基于国家自然科学基金委重大研究计划“空间信息网络基础理论与关键技术”，对空间分布式SAR 高精度干涉成像基础理论展开了全面系统的研究工作，主要研究内容包括：1）空间分布式SAR 多体制/多维干涉原理、2）干涉SAR基本条件、3）卫星编队构形设计与协同控制，以及4）半物理仿真验证系统的设计等等。本项目的宗旨是提出一套较为完备的空间信息网络背景下分布式SAR 高精度干涉成像的理论与方法。项目组成员共发表期刊论文67篇，其中包括SCI期刊论文51篇，出版了专著1部、译著2部，受理/授权国家发明专利15项，5篇论文入选国内外相关领域会议/论坛的优秀论文。项目组成员王峰、刘明入选2018年国家万人计划中组部青年拔尖人才支持计划，项目组成员李化义入选“国防科技卓越青年人才”，项目组成员朱炬波、黄海风、谷德峰共获得3项军队科技进步一等奖，项目组成员刘明入选2018年Clarivate Analytics全球高被引科学家。本项目培养了硕士毕业生26名，博士毕业生8名。