极端干旱区滴灌葡萄弥雾微气候调控机制研究

Located in the western and eastern Xinjiang, the Turpan-Hami Basin is of a serious shortage of water resources and is an extremely drought area, where the grapes are the leading local industry, so that water conservation research in the area has a great significance to the grape production efficiency, local agricultural production and sustainable socio-economic development and it is also of distinct geographical features. Based on the idea of habitat manipulation, the project has been implemented using micro-sprinkler irrigation through atomization technology to realize vineyard microclimate regulation, to research on the key grape phenological stage of microclimate three-dimensional control in the vineyard, to explore the corresponding relationships between microclimate environment factors and photosynthesis, microclimate environment factors and grape quality, etc, to reveal the change rules of vineyard microclimate under extreme environmental conditions and to find out the corresponding change mechanisms of grape physiological ecology, light respond to changes in temperature and humidity, and vineyards high efficiency of water use in the vineyards mechanisms, and to establish appropriate regulation indicators for time phase and temperature and humidity. Expected results will have a great theoretical significance for improving the efficiency of water resources and light and heat resources in local agricultural production and they will also have a great practical significance for promoting the use of local water-saving technologies, for providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of agricultural production in the habitat under extreme environmental conditions and for enriching the designing theories of agricultural water-saving technology.

位于我国西部及新疆东部的吐哈盆地是我国严重资源性缺水的极端干旱区，葡萄是当地的主导产业，研究该区域葡萄节水增产增效对于当地农业生产及社会经济可持续发展具有重要的意义并具有显著的地域特色。本项目基于生境调控的理念，在滴灌条件下采用微喷灌雾化技术调控葡萄园微气候环境，研究不同调控方案下葡萄园微气候环境因子的变化特征，微气候环境因子与光合作用、以及与产量品质的响应关系等，揭示极端环境条件下的葡萄园微气候变化规律、葡萄生理生态与温湿度的光响应变化机理、葡萄园水分高效利用机制，确立调控时段与适宜的温湿度调控指标。预期成果对于提高当地农业生产中的水资源及光热资源的利用率，为当地节水技术推广应用具有重要的现实意义，为极端环境条件下农业生产的生境调控提供理论基础，对于丰富农业节水灌溉设计理论具有重要的理论价值。

项目针对极端干旱的吐哈盆地光热资源丰富，光能利用效率低和水资源短缺与灌溉管理粗放，耗水量大等特点，在这种特殊气候与生产模式下，葡萄极易受干热风的影响，造成滴灌葡萄产量和品质的下降，同时由于灌溉量过大，造成水资源浪费严重。为此，项目以提高葡萄产量和品质及灌溉水利用效率为目的，通过葡萄园不同弥雾调控方案下微气候环境因子变化特征、微气候因子与光响应关系、微气候因子与产量品质的响应关系等试验研究，弄清了弥雾调控下葡萄园微气候因子的变化规律及对葡萄植株生长和果实生长与品质的影响，构建了葡萄园棚架下喷雾降温系统的fluent模拟模型、葡萄光合速率光响应模型和微气候因子与葡萄果实生长和品质模型，得到了弥雾调控技术下光合与微气候主要因子阈值，揭示了弥雾调控技术对葡萄产量与品质的形成机理，并确定出了适宜的葡萄园弥雾调控技术应用模式，其成果对于推动当地节水技术的发展和葡萄提质增效，保障我国重要葡萄基地生产的可持续发展具有重要的科学意义。