新型电致变色玻璃窗对建筑光热环境影响机理及其调控方法研究

The new electrochromic (EC) window has the advanced features to modulate visible light transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient, and its control method plays an important role on comfort environment and energy consumption. How to control the EC window is a key issue to take its advantage effectively, with the aim to use solar radiation and daylight reasonably, prevent glare, create comfort thermal and light environment and decrease the energy consumption. Moreover, it is also a difficult problem with multi-objective and strong coupling features. This project focuses on the above key issues, and uses the study methods of theoretical analysis, field test and simulation. The main research contents are as follows: 1) reveal the performance of EC window systematically, and analysis its influence mechanism on building thermal and light environment; 2) explore the real-time prediction models of EC window on air conditioning and lighting energy consumption, and develop the online detection method of uncomfortable glare; 3) propose an optimized control method of EC window based on comfort environment and energy saving, and evaluate the suitability of EC windows in different areas. This project will be helpful to reveal the influence mechanism of EC window on building thermal and light environment. It will provide theoretical and technical support for the application and development of EC windows in green buildings in China.

新型电致变色（EC）玻璃窗具有主动调节可见光透射率和太阳得热系数的先进功能，其调控方法对建筑光热环境舒适度和能耗有重要影响。如何调控EC玻璃窗，以期达到合理利用太阳辐射热、适度采光并避免眩光，降低建筑能耗营造舒适环境的目标，是能否发挥EC玻璃窗优势的关键问题，更是多目标、强耦合的科技难题。本项目针对以上问题，通过理论分析、实验室小试和模拟仿真等研究方法，开展以下研究工作：1）系统分析EC玻璃窗的调节特性及其对建筑光热环境的影响机理；2）探索EC玻璃窗对空调能耗和照明能耗影响的实时预测方法、以及EC玻璃窗眩光的在线监测方法；3）提出基于节能和舒适的EC玻璃窗优化调控方法，并科学评价EC玻璃窗在我国应用的地域适用性和节能效果。本项目研究将有助于掌握EC玻璃窗对建筑光热环境的影响机理，有利于解决EC玻璃窗应用的关键科学与技术问题，有益于促进新型EC玻璃窗在我国绿色建筑中的应用与推广。

电致变色（EC）玻璃窗是一种新型智能窗，其调控方法对建筑光热环境舒适度和能耗有重要影响。本课题以合理利用太阳辐射热、适度采光并避免眩光，降低建筑能耗营造舒适环境为目标，开展EC玻璃窗对建筑光热环境的影响机理及调控方法研究。.首先建立EC玻璃窗实验平台，通过实验揭示了EC玻璃窗调节状态对玻璃可见光透射率、太阳辐射得热以及空调和照明能耗的影响规律。然后，建立了EC玻璃窗的实时能耗预测模型,定量预测EC不同状态对空调能耗以及照明能耗的影响作用；建立了基于单元玻璃的EC玻璃眩光预测模型，为EC玻璃窗分区监测眩光提供有效方法。进而采用模型预测控制方法，开发了基于能耗低目标的EC玻璃优化调控方法，解决了供冷季光热环境需求矛盾问题，相比现有EC玻璃商用控制方法，节能率提升约50%；开发了基于分区预测的EC玻璃窗眩光控制方法，在控制眩光同时最大限度利用自然采光，降低照明能耗41%以上。最后，基于5个气候区28个典型城市，模拟研究了EC玻璃的在不同地域的节能效果和适用性，EC玻璃在日照充足、室外温度较高的地区具有较高的应用价值。.本项目研究为EC玻璃窗应用提供理论与技术支撑，有益于促进新型EC玻璃窗在我国绿色建筑中的应用与推广。