中国近海牡蛎疑难属种分类与牡蛎总科系统演化关系研究

Oyster is one of the most important commercial mollusks in China. Similar with other mollusks, shell morphology, the main character used in oyster classification, is plastic and subject to environmental variation. This leads to many confusion about oyster classification in China. Most of previous studies were focused on the classification of common Crassostrea oysters, less was about other genus species. Based on the morphological characters and molecular techniques, this project will clarify the taxonomic status and distribution of these confused species, include Saccostrea, Ostrea, Dendostrea and Gryphaeidae. Combined all oyster species in our lab and databases in Genbank, we will analyze the phylogeny of Ostreacea and clarify the relationship of family, subfamily, genus, species and subspecies of these confused oysters. This project will correct the oyster speciation and phylogeny system in China, provide the database for related researches. It will contribute greatly to the oyster classification and phylogeny, as well as to the management and protection of oyster resources in China.

牡蛎是我国重要的经济贝类。牡蛎贝壳由于缺少明显的量化特征和易受外部环境因素影响，导致存在很多分类争议问题。前期的分类学研究多集中在经济种较多的巨蛎属Crassostrea牡蛎，而对于其他属牡蛎的研究较少。本项目将综合利用传统形态分类方法和分子生物学技术，查明我国近海小蛎属(Saccostrea)、牡蛎属(Ostrea)、齿蛎属(Dendostrea)和缘曲牡蛎科(Gryphaeidae)牡蛎疑难属种的分类地位和分布特征；同时，将综合分析项目组已定名牡蛎样本和Genbank收录的牡蛎种类序列，阐明我国近海牡蛎总科Ostreacea不同物种间及不同科、属间的系统演化关系，完善和修订我国近海牡蛎的分类系统，为我国牡蛎的分类和其他学科研究提供重要的科学依据。本研究对于我国牡蛎的基础研究、资源开发和保护利用等都具有重要的理论和现实意义。

牡蛎是世界上重要的经济贝类。其贝壳由于缺少明显的量化特征和易受外部环境因素影响，导致存在很多分类争议问题。尤其对小蛎属等疑难属种缺少系统的分类研究，并且对牡蛎总科的系统演化关系也存在一定的争议。本项目综合利用传统形态分类和分子生物学技术，查明我国近海小蛎属(Saccostrea)、牡蛎属(Ostrea)、齿蛎属(Dendostrea)和缘曲牡蛎科(Gryphaeidae)牡蛎疑难属种的分类地位和分布特征。明确我国小蛎属牡蛎有9种，包括2新种1新纪录种；牡蛎属有4种，包括1新种1新纪录种；齿蛎属有5种，包括1新种；缘曲牡蛎科有9种，包括1新种。.对牡蛎总科75种牡蛎进行了核基因（28S/18S/H3/ITS2）、线粒体基因（16S/COI）以及部分线粒体基因组的序列测定及系统演化分析。分析结果表明现生牡蛎分为两个科：缘曲牡蛎科Grypheidae与牡蛎科Ostreidae。缘曲牡蛎科分为二个亚科，及硬牡蛎亚科Pycnodontreinae和缘曲牡蛎亚科Grypheinae。牡蛎科Ostreidae又分为5个亚科，即巨牡蛎亚科Crassostreinae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979；纹牡蛎亚科Striostreinae Harry, 1985；小牡蛎亚科Saccostreinae Li & Wang，2013；牡蛎亚科Ostreinae Rafinesque, 1815和脊牡蛎亚科Lopheinae Vialov, 1936。.本研究完善和修订了我国近海牡蛎的分类系统，为我国牡蛎分类和其他学科研究提供重要的科学依据，这对于我国牡蛎的基础研究、资源开发和保护利用等都具有重要的理论和现实意义。