空间用铝合金基自适应润滑材料的制备及其摩擦学行为研究

With the development of space technology, such as rockets, satellites, spacecraft, space stations and interstellar probes, it is needed to solve a series of questions on science and technology of lubrication, which usually involve some special environment and working conditions, such as high vacuum, atomic oxygen, ultraviolet and particles irradiation and so on. Aluminum alloy are widely used as construction materials in space systems due to their characteristics of low-density, high specific strength and so on. However, the studies on the tribological properties of lubricating materials on aluminum alloy in the space environment are very scarce so far. In this project, polyimide bonded solid lubricating coatings will be prepared on aluminum alloys with coating process. For space application, based on the groundbased simulation facility and the tribometer, an environmental simulation is carried out by exposing the solid lubricating coating materials on aluminum alloy under the high vacuum, ultraviolet radiation, proton and electron irradiation environment, the effects of space enviroment on the lubricating materials is explored via investigating the changes of structures, compositions and tribological behaviors of lubricating coating and aluminum alloy and the relationship between the properties of substrate, lubricating coating interface and the changes of tribological behaviours of materials. In view of practical application environment of the material, the solid lubricating coatings will be designed and modified for improving the self-adaptive and tribological properties in space environment.

火箭、卫星、飞船、空间站和星际探测器等空间技术工业的发展要求解决一系列润滑科学与技术问题，而这些润滑问题通常涉及高真空、原子氧、紫外和粒子辐照等特殊环境和工况。铝合金因具有密度小、比强度高等优点而被广泛用作空间飞行器材料，但目前有关铝合金基润滑材料在空间环境中的摩擦学行为的研究很缺乏。本研究拟采用涂覆方法在铝合金表面制备聚酰亚胺粘结固体润滑涂层，利用空间环境地面模拟设备及其自身携带的摩擦磨损试验机，对铝合金基表面涂覆固体润滑材料进行高真空、原子氧辐照、紫外辐照、质子辐照和电子辐照环境模拟，考察润滑涂层和铝合金基底的结构、组成和摩擦学行为在空间环境中的变化情况，以及基底和润滑涂层界面的性能与材料摩擦学行为变化之间的关系，分析空间环境对润滑材料的影响机理和规律。针对材料的空间应用环境，对润滑涂层进行改性，提高铝合金基润滑材料的空间环境适应性和摩擦学性能。

本研究采用涂覆方法在铝合金表面制备了聚酰亚胺（PI）粘结固体润滑涂层，考察了铝合金基表面涂覆PI涂层的制备方法和制备工艺。利用空间环境地面模拟设备，对铝合金基表面涂覆PI润滑涂层进行了高真空、原子氧、紫外、质子、电子和综合辐照环境模拟，研究了空间辐照环境对PI涂层摩擦学行为的影响规律，探讨了辐照环境对材料的影响机理。空间环境辐照会导致PI润滑涂层表面发生侵蚀降解，导致涂层表面的结构、元素组成和形貌特征发生变化，从而改变了材料的摩擦磨损机理。原子氧和质子辐照的侵蚀作用较强，对PI润滑涂层的分子结构和表面形貌影响较大，电子辐照和紫外辐照的影响较小，在综合辐照环境中，原子氧和质子辐照对材料的结构和摩擦学性能的影响起主要作用。对PI涂层进行表面改性，可有效提高涂层的抗原子氧性能。采用抗环境辐照材料、增强纤维以及润滑材料对PI涂层进行整体改性，可以有效提高PI润滑涂层的抗空间环境侵蚀性能，以及PI润滑涂层在空间辐照环境中的自适应性和摩擦学性能。