新疆酿酒葡萄果-蒂分离机理及振摇机构的研究

Xinjiang is one of the world's three major grape paradise planted area, and it's the major wine grape area in China, but the harvest is mainly rely on manual, which serious restrict the further development of the grape industry, mechanized harvesting is inevitable trend. Shaking methods widely used abroad, however, the method is not suitable for Xinjiang wine grape of multiple main vine fan-shaped tree, length-width canopy shape characteristics mechanized harvesting. This project is intended for planting characteristics of Xinjiang wine grapes, shaking method is put forward, starting from the vibration source, grape tendrils and clusters of vibration transfer rule of vibration system, research the connection force of fruit and pedicel, and grape grain vibration form of exercise and stress distribution under the conditions of different state character. According to these, reveal the principle of vibration and struck grape fruit-pedicel separation mechanism; Research the shaking separation device based on the elastic connection dual rocker flat four agencies, establish its theory of kinematics and dynamics equations and make a virtual simulation Analysis; make physical prototypes, conduct experimental studies , determine factors ,which are fruit maturity, amplitude, frequency, separation time etc., primary and secondary relationships on separation performance; Find the optimal parameter combination, explore the harvesting mechanism of shaking separation device. The research will lay the theoretical and technical basis for Localization of grape harvesting machine which is to adapt to the characteristics of the wine grape growing in Xinjiang.

新疆是世界三大葡萄天堂种植区之一，是我国主要的酿酒葡萄种植区，但其采收完全依靠人工，已严重制约了酿酒葡萄产业发展，机械化采收是必然趋势。国外普遍采用的振动击打采收方法，不适于新疆多主蔓扇形树形、长宽叶幕形种植特点的酿酒葡萄机械化采收。本项目针对新疆酿酒葡萄的种植特点，提出振摇式采收方法，拟从获取由振动源、葡萄枝蔓与果穗组成的振动系统的振动传递规律入手，研究葡萄果实与果蒂间的连接力，研究不同果穗性状条件下葡萄粒受到振动时的运动形式及受力情况，揭示振摇式采收方法下葡萄的果-蒂分离机理；研究基于弹性连接双摇杆平面四杆机构的振摇分离机构，建立其运动学和动力学理论方程，并进行虚拟仿真分析，试制物理样机，开展试验研究，确定果实成熟度、振幅、频率、分离时间等因素对分离性能影响的主次关系，寻求最优参数组合，探究振摇分离机构采收机理。研究成果将为适应新疆酿酒葡萄种植特点的收获机研发奠定理论与技术。

新疆独特的光热和水土条件非常适合葡萄的生长，生产的葡萄具有品质好、单产高、营养丰富等特点，具有其他葡萄产区无法比拟的独特优势。但目前葡萄收获还完全依靠人工，严重阻碍了酿酒葡萄产业的发展，迫切需要采收的机械化。本项目研究结果为新疆酿酒葡萄采收机械化奠定了理论和技术基础。.本研究通过理论分析，建立了植株的振动微分方程，得出了植株各枝蔓共振频率的解析表达式；通过对所建植株实体模型进行动力学模态与谐响应仿真分析，得到酿酒葡萄植株在0 Hz~30 Hz频率范围内的各阶固频分布、振型以及共振频率分布，确定了能使植株获得较好振动响应效果的激振频率。.通过室内植株锤击试验，分析了植株的振动频谱特性及振动在植株上的传递规律，揭示了酿酒葡萄植株振动传递特性，最终获取了适宜酿酒葡萄振动收获的较优激振参数和方式；通过葡萄果-蒂连接力试验，确定了果-蒂连接力范围为5~13 N，为装置外形尺寸设计及揭示葡萄振动分离机理奠定了基础。.建立了酿酒葡萄果粒振动学模型，得到了葡萄果-蒂分离临界条件；搭建了针对葡萄串的振动分离率测定装置，结果表明：影响酿酒葡萄分离率显著因子的主次顺序为偏心距离、摇杆长度和电机转速，在分离率最优条件下，获得了单串葡萄振动时果-蒂分离的频率范围为2.11~3.69 Hz、葡萄穗梗处的振幅为169.8 mm。.设计了基于葡萄藤蔓振动的酿酒葡萄振动分离装置利用当量平面法和复数矢量法对驱动部件及平面双摇杆机构进行了运动学分析，得到肋条角位移及角速度理论关系方程；确定了RSSR空间四杆机构偏心距L1=15mm、动力源转速为450~750r/min、肋条有效振动长度为850mm。。.研制了振动分离装置物理样机，并进行了试验研究，方差分析表明电机转速和枝条装夹位置是影响分离率的极显著因素，振动摇杆长度影响不显著；获得了酿酒葡萄振动分离装置的最优工作参数组合为电机转速750 r/min，枝条装夹位置550 mm，振动摇杆长度125 mm，分离率为95.42%。