广域电网时空多尺度真实测量原理与技术研究

The broadband synchronous dynamic energy flow data of the wide area power grid is the basis of the characteristic cognition and state perception of the power system. Mutual transformer by the limitations of the transmission characteristics can’t measure the primary signal; also with the rapid development of power electronic power systems, the power system security monitoring and scientific research urgently need space-time multi-scale stereo panoramic information; the existing information acquisition system can no longer satisfy the energy flow observations of authenticity and broadband requirements. Therefore, the project research will be conducted from the following four aspects, the first is researching the broadband characteristics of the primary energy flow signal and the transfer characteristics of the detection circuit, decomposing the wideband signal into three frequency bands; the second is studying the frequency dependence of each band signal that calculating by transfer function of sub-band signal acquisition module, discussing multi-scale decomposition strategy of wideband signal, dividing the three-scale frequency band signal into the characteristic frequency bands by secondary frequency division, and establishing the transfer function model of characteristic frequency band; the third is studying the influence level of characteristic frequency band caused by signal acquisition module, determining the frequency range to be inverted, and establishing characteristic frequency inversion model; the fourth is researching inversion algorithm, performing a fast and accurate inversion of the characteristic band signal, achieving the synchronous real-time panoramic measurement of broadband energy flow signal. The project is aiming to exploring a principle of measuring broadband energy flow signal in power grid and providing real panorama basic data for power system protection control and dynamic security monitoring and so on.

广域电网宽频带同步动态能量流数据是电力系统特性认知、状态感知的基础。互感器受传变特性局限，不能真实测量一次信号；且随着电力电子化电力系统的快速发展，电力系统安全监控和科学研究急需时空多尺度立体全景信息；现有信息采集系统已不能满足能量流观测的真实性和宽频带要求。为此，项目拟研究一次能量流信号的宽频带特性和检测电路的传变特性，将宽频带信号分解为三个频带；研究各频带信号经分频带信号采集模块的传变函数的依频变化规律，探讨宽频带信号的多尺度分解策略，将三个尺度频带信号二次分频为各特征频段，并建立特征频段传变函数模型；研究各特征频段受信号采集模块的影响程度，结合应用需求确定需反演的频带范围，建立特征频段反演模型；研究反演算法，进行特征频段信号的快速精确反演，实现宽频带能量流信号的同步实时全景测量。项目旨在探讨电网宽频带能量流信号真实测量原理方法，为电力系统保护控制、动态安全监控等提供真实全景基础数据。

针对宽频带暂态信号的真实可靠检测与暂态保护实用化问题，项目主要做了以下工作：.（1）项目研究了波形反演过程中的病态问题，提出了一种结合Tikhonov正则化理论的电压行波精确检测方法。选取集中参数传递函数模型作为专用电压行波传感器的正演传递模型，然后利用离散反卷积方法进行电压行波波形反演，并引入Tikhonov正则化理论解决反演过程中出现的病态问题，实现电压行波的精确检测。.（2）项目对随机共振原理进行研究，提出了适合于行波信号的随机共振方法，通过随机共振反卷积提高了波形反演精度。项目选取单稳态势函数，并提出基于改进变步长的四阶龙格-库塔算法，以峭度值为度量指标选择随机共振最优解，实现了波形的精确反演。.（3）项目构建了暂态信号的分频反演模型，提出结合VMD和共轭梯度反演的电压行波精确检测方法。根据传感器对不同频段信号的传变特性差异，利用VMD将传感器二次侧故障信号分解为不同频段的IMF分量；建立反演模型，对各分量进行共轭梯度反演；最后合成各分量反演信号获得了准确的一次行波信号。.（4）项目分析了一二次行波特征差异性，提出了基于自适应黑盒反演的行波精确检测方法。利用改进步长LMS算法，构建了多个样本的LMS自适应训练模型。利用变步长LMS自适应算法训练一二次信号，得到一二次信号之间的传变关系；引入小波阈值去噪方法对检测的二次行波进行预处理；最后利用黑匣子模型实现了一次行波的精确反演。.项目研究过程中，申请发明专利19项，其中已授权发明专利7项。完成高水平学术论文20篇，其中已发表SCI期刊论文3篇，EI期刊论文8篇，核心期刊论文6篇。主持获湖南省科技进步一等奖1项、日内瓦国际发明展金奖1项、发明创业奖创新奖二等奖1项，参与获省部级奖励2项。结合课题研究，培养了博士研究生1名，硕士研究生10名，其中已毕业5名，待毕业6名。