含硫含盐废水中碳氮磷同步去除：新型颗粒污泥的开发与机理研究

A large amount of sulfur-laden wastewater is producing due to the rapid development of industry, severe seawater intrusion and extensive application of using seawater as alternative water resource. In comparison with physicochemical approaches, which are characterized by high capital investment and complicated operation, efficient biological treatment are highly demanded for treating sulfate-laden wastewater. Benefiting from the compact structure and, more importantly, high resilience against variations in pollution and environmental conditions, aerobic granular sludge is recognized as a promising process for fresh wastewater treatment. However, ordinary organisms in the granules are sensitive to the produced sulfide and salinity. Therefore, development of an innovative granules for sulfur-laden wastewater treatment is explored in this study. Granular sludge cultivation and investigation of optimal operational conditions will be conducted first. Physiological functions of sulfide, produced via sulfate reduction, within the microbial aggregates, internal and surface microstructures of granules, diversity, abundance and spatial distribution of the functional organisms and dynamic community structure of the granules will be studied in the second phase to reveal the sulfur based synergetic microbial community as well as interrelations between sulfur metabolism and nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Metabolic model will be established based on the aforementioned mechanism to predict and evaluate this new granular sludge system and provide foundations for its practical application.

工业的迅猛发展、气候变化引起的海水倒灌入侵以及大规模使用海水作为非饮用水代替水源，导致含硫含盐废水大量产生。对比投资运行费用高、工艺复杂的物理化学处理法，高效且运行稳定的生物处工艺在该领域具有广阔的应用前景。好氧颗粒因其结构致密、多种微生物共存与耦合等特点，受到广泛关注。但由于其功能菌群受硫化氢及盐度的影响明显，使其在含硫含盐废水处理中的应用受到限制。本课题充分利用好氧颗粒的特性，开发以硫代谢为基础，协同除磷可应用于含硫含盐废水处理的新型颗粒污泥。以颗粒系统快速构建为基础，探索新型颗粒的培养、稳定运行、H2S/HS-在颗粒中的生理功能、PloyS的共生脱氮除磷体系及系统优化措施。以量化电子供给能力、代谢能量存储传递机制及功能菌群与GAO竞争平衡为切入点，揭示硫代谢产物与系统脱氮除磷之间的关系。建立硫磷协同代谢的定量描述模型，为该新型颗粒技术实现含硫含盐废水高效处理提供基础的理论及实践支持。

针对沿海地区及工业领域大量含硫含盐废水的产生和处理的需求，本研究旨在开发一种新型颗粒污泥能够克服盐度及硫化氢对传统活性污泥微生物活性的抑制实现高效含硫含盐废水碳、氮、磷同步去除。本项目的主要研究成果包括：1）基于硫代谢新型颗粒污泥的开发，确定其培养、长期稳定运行关键参数，并揭示含硫含盐体系下污泥颗粒化机理；2）解析硫酸盐代谢与生物除磷机理互作关系，明确生物代谢能量分配规律、功能菌群演化特性及系统优化条件；3）建立硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）基因组规模代谢网络模型，聚焦微生物的通量平衡及不同生长条件下的能量代谢路径，从而有效地预测SRB代谢路径和生长特性，为基于硫循环的生物工艺提供直观有利的优化工具；4）对含盐含硫废水剩余颗粒污泥的处理及再利用，开发颗粒污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）高价值硫酸多糖（SPs）的提取及纯化工艺；采用热解法对最终高盐含硫颗粒污泥进行处置，有效地达到了污泥减量化，且热解产物生物炭能够被回收利用，实现了剩余颗粒污泥的资源化。最后本项目还将该新型颗粒污泥应用于海产养殖废水的抗生素处理，并对其抗冲击性及稳定性进行了长期的测试。该新型颗粒技术能够为含硫含盐废水高效处理提供理论基础和实践支持。