利用节节麦-小麦染色体片段导入系定位节节麦分蘖特性位点及生理机制

Tillering in wheat (Triticum aestivum) determines plant canopy size, photosynthetic area and, more importantly, the number of spikes bearing grains at maturity ( fertile tillers ), which is a key component of yield. This research used zhoumai 18 direct hybridization with Aegilops tauschii strains T093 and T015 from the Yellow River basin, which have stronger tillering capacity, especially higher effective tillering rates in the wheat fields, Then it obtained their octaploid wheat, respectively, and produced BC2F8 for T093, BC1F9 for T015 populations by backcrossing with wheat zhoumai 18. The tillering characteristic of the individuals of the populations is identified. This research is to identify the Ae. tauschii genomic regions and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL ) associated with the stronger tillering capacity and higher effictive tillering rates in these Ae. tauschii-derived wheat lines, and to research into the genetic and physiological mechanisms controlling these characteristics by RNA-Seqence and physiological analysis.

分蘖是小麦重要的农艺性状，决定着小麦的冠层体积、光合面积和有效穗数，其中有效穗数是构成小麦产量的要素。本研究利用周麦18和来源于黄河流域、在小麦田和自然生长条件下分蘖力强、成穗率高的节节麦T093和T015分别杂交，加倍合成八倍体，然后分别和周麦18回交1-2代后自交，产生了BC2F8、BC1F9群体。本研究对这两个群体进行分蘖能力和成穗率鉴定，揭示来源于节节麦基因组控制分蘖能力和高成穗率的染色体区域和数量性状位点，通过转录组和生理分析揭示分蘖力强和成穗率高的遗传和生理基础。

分蘖是小麦重要的农艺性状，决定着小麦的冠层体积、光合面积和有效穗数，其中有效穗数是构成小麦产量的要素。利用小麦55K芯片对273个节节麦(T015)-小麦(周麦18)代换系单株进行DNA分型，共获得3131个D基因组多态性SNP标记，删去冗余标记后得到885个SNP标记，构建1D-7D染色体图谱。利用273个节节麦(T015)-小麦(周麦18)代换系群体，5个种植环境下，对群体内小麦各株系的数量性状（总分蘖数和有效分蘖数）的表型数据统计并进行QTL定位。总分蘖数的主效QTL位点共定位到22个，分布在小麦D基因组的7条染色体上；有效分蘖的主效QTL位点共定位26个，分布在除小麦D基因组4D染色体外的其他6条染色体上。完成了4个节节麦品系新组装的基因组的重测序数据，对节节麦品系高质量参考基因组组装和解析，系统的总结了节节麦和小麦杂交，建立节节麦-小麦染色体片段代换系，导入节节麦有利基因的方法途径和基因定位方法。