居住空间分异视角下建成环境对健康的影响研究

The outbreak of large scale smog has caused widespread concern on urban environmental safety in China. To solve this most pressing problem, China’s New Urbanization Plan needs to carefully stress the contradiction between urban development, environmental pollution, and health risks. Although the Western research has explored the relationship between the built environment and health, a few distinguish the different impacts between physical built environment and perceived built environment on people’s health. In addition, China’s urban development is totally in a different context from the West. Little is known about how residential spatial differentiation in China influences residents’ health. This study grounds its theories and empirical analysis in the Chinese context. It attempts to analyze the different impacts between physical built environment and perceived built environment on people’s health by considering five categorizes of indicators: individual characteristics, household characteristics, apartment characteristics, neighborhood characteristics, and city characteristics. In particular, it will use the City of Nanjing as the study area and conduct surveys in six types of neighborhoods: the traditional neighborhood, the work unit, the commercial housing neighborhood, the affordable housing neighborhood, urban villages, and green housing neighborhood. It will employ meta-analysis, GIS spatial analysis, factor analysis, multi-level regression, and structure equation modelling to systematically understanding the impacts of built environment on health. This study will enrich the urban geography research on residential space and urban environmental issues, and will provide new analytical perspectives for solving urban environmental problems and improving the quality of urban living.

近年来我国雾霾大面积频发，城市环境安全问题引发社会广泛关注，新型城镇化亟需解决发展、环境、健康间的现实矛盾。虽然国外研究探讨了建成环境与健康关系，但较少从城市地理学角度，以居住空间分异为背景，分析客观建成环境和主观感知对健康的影响差异。本研究以中国居住空间分异的特殊性为切入点，以南京为实证对象，综合考虑个人、家庭、住宅、社区、城市多个尺度，解析客观和感知的建成环境对居民户外活动和自评身心健康的影响。具体运用元分析法建立相关概念模型，通过GIS空间分析方法、因子分析方法对比分析传统社区、单位社区，商品房小区，保障房社区，城中村、新兴绿色住宅小区这六类居住环境中影响健康的客观和感知环境因子，再运用多层回归模型和结构方程模型解析多尺度建成环境与健康的交互作用机制。本研究将丰富城市地理学有关居住空间资源配置和城市环境问题的研究内容，为改善城市居住质量、解决城市环境安全问题提供新的科学分析手段。

近年来我国雾霾大面积频发，城市环境安全问题引发社会广泛关注，新型城镇化亟需解决发展、环境、健康间的现实矛盾。虽然国外研究探讨了建成环境与健康关系，但较少从城市地理学角度，以居住空间分异为背景，分析客观建成环境和主观感知对健康的影响差异，也鲜有将城市地理学与社会心理学结合，从理性行为角度分析居住环境对居民身体活动的影响机制。..本研究引入计划行为理论的分析框架，以中国居住空间分异的特殊性为切入点，以南京为实证对象，综合考虑个人、家庭、社区、城市多个尺度，解析客观和感知的建成环境对居民户外活动和自评身心健康的影响。具体运用元分析法建立相关概念模型，通过GIS空间分析方法、因子分析方法对比分析传统社区、单位社区，商品房小区，保障房社区，城中村、新兴绿色住宅小区这六类居住环境中影响健康的客观和感知环境因子，再运用结构方程模型解析居民态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向对居民身体活动的影响路径，研究建成环境与健康的交互作用机制。..结果表明传统社区、单位社区、保障房社区、城中村和商品房小区的居民社会经济特征和健康活动存在明显差异。影响居民健身意向和健身活动的最重要因素为知觉健身行为控制强度感知。消减居民健身的主观限制，包括为其提供健身设备、公共健身资源和对健身进行补贴，可提升其健身活动水平。..本研究将丰富城市地理学有关居住空间资源配置和城市环境问题的研究内容，既可为改善城市居住质量、解决城市环境安全问题提供新的科学分析手段，又可为通过改善建成环境进行健康行为的主动干预提供对策建议。