岩体摆型波传播的能量运移规律及吸能防冲机理研究

In the course of rock burst development and occurrence, dynamic disasters of rock burst in coal mine is the process that coal-rock mass deformation and fracture and energy accumulation and release, which contains many scientific problems related to mechanics.Base on the latest research results in rock mechanics and geophysics about pendulum type wave propagation,energy transmitted rule and mechanisms of energy-absorbing and anti-impact in block rock mass energy migration process was investigated,during the energy transfer process in deep rock mass as of discontinuous and self-stressed block-hierarchical.Theoretical model of energy transfer and conversion in block rock mass was proposed.The law of energy transfer and dissipation was studied during pendulum type wave propagation in block-hierarchical rock mass when block sizes, mechanical property of block rock partings changes and the local block rock rupture. Theory and method of rock mass energy-absorbing and anti-impact were proposed. Energy absorption components apply to hydraulic support of roadway was studied, which can form a new kind of support for energy-absorption and anti-impact.Theory of energy-absorbing and anti-impact support was proposed. Rock mass active energy-absorption and support passive energy-absorption were studied unified through the theory of pendulum type wave. Theory of energy-absorption and anti-impact would be formed finally by rock mass and support in coal mine dynamic disasters, which can improve the ability of prevention dynamic disasters of rock burst in coal mine and reduce the economic losses and casualties.

煤矿冲击地压动力灾害孕育发生过程是煤岩体变形破裂、能量积聚与释放过程，其中蕴含着许多与力学相关的科学问题。针对深部非连续自应力块系岩体的能量运移过程，利用岩石力学和地球物理学的最新研究成果摆型波传播理论，研究块系岩体的能量传递规律及能量运移过程的吸能防冲机理。建立能量在块系岩体中传递与转化的理论模型，研究岩块尺度、岩块间力学性质变化及局部岩块发生破裂时块系岩体的能量传递与耗散规律，提出岩体吸能防冲理论及方法；研究适用于巷道液压支护的吸能构件，形成防冲吸能支护，提出支护吸能防冲理论。通过摆型波理论将岩体主动吸能及支护被动吸能进行统一研究，最终形成煤矿动力灾害的岩体与支护统一吸能防冲理论，提高煤矿对冲击地压动力灾害的防治能力，降低煤矿冲击地压动力灾害造成的经济损失和人员伤亡。

冲击地压灾害是困扰煤炭安全开采的重要科学和工程问题，随着煤炭开采深度的增加冲击地压灾害将越来越突出。岩体冲击启动需要有足够的抛出能量，岩体摆型波传播的能量运移规律及吸能防冲机理研究，从摆型波传播诱发岩体大变形运动过程，分析岩体能量传递与转化规律及基于能量耗散的防冲理论。主要围绕三个方面展开研究：块系岩体摆型波传播特征及能量传递机理研究；岩体结构特性对摆型波传播过程的能量传递与耗散规律影响研究；摆型波传播过程岩体与支护统一吸能防冲理论与方法研究。通过研究得到，①摆型波在块系岩体中低频低速传播，岩块出现明显的大幅摆动，块体振动持续时间明显延长，并伴随着岩体能量的急剧转化，对围岩动力稳定构成潜在冲击威胁。②建立块系岩体动力传播模型及动力学方程，得到块系岩体的能量转化与传递关系，块体动能和块体间软弱介质势能进行周期交替转化并向前传递，系统能量耗散满足指数衰减规律且块体间弱介质的弹性性质对能量传递和转化影响较大。③建立块系围岩与支护系统互馈动力模型，分析了岩体能量在围岩和支护协调作用下的耗散规律，给出岩体能量控制方程，提出围岩支护统一吸能防冲理论，基于吸能防冲分析给出一种支护吸能构件设计。本课题的研究是岩体在非连续块系构造状态下的动力传播过程能量变化科学探讨，丰富了岩体能量传递理论研究。基于顶板动力响应提出围岩与支护统一吸能防冲理论，发展了冲击地压防治理论。课题部分研究结果结合横向课题在耿村煤矿和常村煤矿对支护吸能部分成果进行了初步现场应用，结合现场观测情况发现支护吸能机制对煤矿巷道防治冲击灾害具有良好的效果。