磁性分子印迹表面增强拉曼活性基底的研制及其在痕量环境污染物快检中的应用

It is very significant to develop a simple, selective, effective and rapid analytical technology to determine trace analytes in environmental samples because of the large number of sample, complex matrix and trace or ultratrace quantities in environmental samples. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is a portable and sensitive analytical technique. However, due to the low selectivity and anti-interference capability of SERS detection, it is still hard to actually apply SERS detection technique for the quantitative analysis during real analytical projects. Molecular-imprinting technology is a powerful tool in the development of highly selective analytical methods. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs), possessing tailor-made recognition sites, can specifically rebind to a target molecule in preference to analogous compounds. The magnetic MIP-SERS active substrate was acquired by the covalent bonding MIP on the surface of the SERS active substrate, which is immobilized on the surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The characterization of the magnetic MIP-SERS active substrate was studied. And the selectivity and SERS of the magnetic MIP-SERS active substrate was also researched. A rapid SERS method for the determination of trace harmful substances such as thiabendazole, 4-methylimidazole, benzidine, atrazine and analogues was developed. The proposed SERS quantitative rapid analytical techniques can be practically applied in complex environmental samples such as water and soil.

针对环境样品种类多、基质复杂、待测物含量低等特点，开展环境样品中痕量分析物的简单、选择性好、灵敏度高的快检新技术。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术具有简单、灵敏、快速等特点，但选择性差，使其在实际样品的应用受到限制。分子印迹技术是一种制备对目标分子具有选择性结合能力的分子印迹聚合物 (MIP) 的合成技术。MIP具有特异性识别能力，可选择性分离富集模板分子及其类似物。拟将分子印迹技术与SERS技术相结合，通过化学键合将MIP固载到磁性SERS活性基底表面，获得形貌尺寸可控、灵敏度高、选择性好、重复好、实用性强的磁性MIP-SERS活性基底；表征磁性MIP-SERS活性基底纳米材料的形貌结构，研究其选择性和SERS性能；建立操作简单、灵敏、高特异性的噻苯咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、联苯胺和莠去津及其结构类似物等有害物质的SERS检测新技术，并实际应用于环境水体及土壤等复杂环境样品的快速检测。

针对环境样品种类多、基质复杂、待测物含量低等特点，开展环境样品中痕量分析物的简单、选择性好、灵敏度高的检测技术。经过三年的研究，制备了噻苯咪唑-铜离子配位印迹聚合物，并考察其对噻苯咪唑的吸附性能；通过原位聚合的方法制备Fe3O4@DES@Au表面增强拉曼活性基底，并考察其对偶氮染料的表面增强拉曼活性；利用低共熔溶剂的还原性，通过一步法制备不同形状的Au和Ag纳米花，并考察其表面增强活性；以离子液体作为新型功能单体，采用表面印迹技术，在绿色水相介质中制备了亲水的左氧氟沙星表面印迹聚合物新材料，并考察该聚合物对左氧氟沙星的选择性吸附性能；制备了11种疏水性低共熔溶剂，将其作为液相微萃取技术的绿色萃取剂，用于环境污染物的分离富集；并将制备的材料应用于实际样品的分析测定。这些实验结果表明可以通过简单、绿色、可控、高效的方法制备拉曼活性基底材料或萃取材料，所制备的材料拉曼活性强，且对环境污染物具有强的富集、吸附性能，可用于环境污染物的快速分析检测。这些研究成果发表论文9篇，其中SCI论文7篇，申请发明专利3件。