基于离散元方法的船舶结构与海冰作用机理及破冰性能分析

With the reduction of ice cover in the Arctic under the trend of global warming, the engineering requirement on navigation in ice covered regions increases obviously under the influence of the summer commercial shipping and the oil-gas exploration in the Arctic. The dynamic interaction between ship hull and sea ice as well as the ice breaking capacity need to be understood comprehensively to assist ship structure design, ice breaking capacity and navigation security in ice covered regions. Therefore, this project will establish the discrete element method (DEM) for various ice types based on the physical experiments of sea ice mechanical properties according to the breaking feature of ice cover during the interaction between sea ice and ship hull. The failure mode of ice cover and local ice pressure distribution on hull will be simulated with DEM during the interaction between sea ice and ship hull with comparing with the field full scale measurement. Finally, the global ice resistance and the ice-breaking capacity of hull will be simulated with DEM considering the sea ice properties of ice type, strength, drifting velocity, etc., the hull structure parameters of slope, size, stiffness, etc., and the various ship maneuvers of mooring, straight shipping and turning, etc. This study will contribute to the development of DEM during its application in offshore engineering of cold regions, and also provide significant scientific foundation for the design of ice-resistant hull structures and the navigation security in ice-covered fields.

随着北极海冰在全球气候变暖趋势下的迅速消融，北极航道的夏季通航和寒区海洋油气资源的开发使得冰区航运需求不断增强。为解决船舶结构的抗冰设计、破冰能力分析和冰区安全航行等工程问题，需要对船舶结构与海冰的作用机理及破冰性能进行深入研究。为此，本项目针对海冰与船体作用时的动力破坏特征，在海冰力学性质试验的基础上建立不同类型海冰的离散元方法；对海冰与船体结构作用过程中的破坏模式及局部冰压力的分布特性进行离散元计算和现场监测验证；综合考虑冰类型、强度、速度等海冰因素，船体倾角、尺寸和刚度等结构参数，以及锚泊、直航、转向等航行方式，对船舶结构的总冰力进行离散元计算以分析船舶结构的破冰性能。本项目研究不仅可促进离散元方法在寒区海洋工程中的发展和完善，还可为船舶结构的抗冰设计和冰区安全航行提供有力的科学依据。

随着北极海冰在全球气候变暖趋势下的迅速消融，北极航道的夏季通航和寒区海洋油气资源的开发使得冰区航运需求不断增强。为解决船舶结构的抗冰设计、破冰能力分析和冰区安全航行等工程问题，需要对船舶结构与海冰的作用机理及破冰性能进行深入研究。为此，本项目针对海冰与船体作用时的动力破坏特征，在海冰力学性质试验的基础上建立了不同类型海冰的离散元方法；对海冰与船体结构作用过程中的破坏模式及局部冰压力的分布特性进行了离散元计算和现场监测验证；综合考虑冰类型、强度、速度等海冰因素，船体倾角、尺寸和刚度等结构参数，以及锚泊、直航、转向等航行方式，对船舶结构的总冰力进行了离散元计算并确定了船舶结构的破冰性能。本项目研究不仅可促进离散元方法在寒区海洋工程中的发展和完善，还可为船舶结构的抗冰设计和冰区安全航行提供有力的科学依据。