基于智能金属橡胶支承结构的转子振动主动控制技术

Active vibration control is an efficient way to solve the vibration problem of a flexible rotor operating at multi-speed. Many sorts of smart supports with variable stiffness were developed to cater to this demand, however their obvious shortages limited the engineering application, such as the unsuitability to be used as the main support due to their low carrying capacity, or the high vibration response while getting through the critical speed due to the small damping, or the low reliability due to the too complex control structures. The project aims at a novel smart support with variable stiffness, which is derived from a new function material named Shape Memory Alloy Metal Rubber (SMAMR). SMAMR possesses many advantage features, such as high carrying capacity (yield limit researches 100MPa; stiffness researches 5e7N/m), high damping (loss factor is from 0.15 to 0.3), wide variable range for stiffness (range researches 2.6 times). The configuration design of this smart support is to be put forward and the mechanical properties of the smart support are to be investigated at normal and high temperature, as a result the key influencing parameters and their influencing laws are to be obtained. Further, the theoretical model and numerical method for a typical flexible rotor with time-varying parameters including stiffness, damping and exciting force are to be established. Through theoretical method and experimental validation, the active vibration control for the flexible rotor by the stiffness variation is to be studied, and the vibration response characteristics are to be revealed, therefore the active vibration control technique for the flexible rotor in the full operating rotational speed range is to be achieved.

转子振动主动控制是解决转子变工况运转时振动过大的有效途径，目前研制的多种主动变刚度元件或因承载能力有限导致无法单独作为主支承结构，或因阻尼过小导致过临界时振动响应大及稳定性差，或因控制结构过于复杂导致可靠性差，限制了转子振动主动控制原理的实现。本项目基于最新研制成功的记忆合金金属橡胶这一功能性材料，利用其高承载能力（屈服极限可达100MPa；刚度可设计至5e7N/m）、大阻尼性能（损耗因子0.15~0.3），大刚度变化范围（可达2.6倍）的优势，设计出高效可靠的变刚度支承结构，试验获取常温/高温下支承结构力学性能的关键影响参数和影响规律。在此基础上，将其应用于转子振动主动控制，发展含慢时变参数的强非线性转子系统动力特性求解理论，试验验证智能金属橡胶刚度主动变化对转子振动抑制的有效性，揭示主动变刚度过程中转子系统的振动响应特征，最终建立全转速范围内低振动响应的转子振动主动控制技术。

本项目将新型SMA-MR材料与传统鼠笼弹性支承相结合，成功研制了支承力学性能主动可控的转子智能支承结构，其不仅具有主动可控的刚度、阻尼性能，同时具备较大的承载能力、稳定的支承力学性能以及简单可靠的结构设计。通过对智能支承转子系统动力特性开展系统的理论和试验研究，揭示了主动变刚度过程中转子系统的振动响应特征，验证了该智能支承结构对转子振动抑制的有效性，最终建立了全转速范围内低振动响应的转子振动主动控制技术。圆满完成了项目计划书中的全部内容，达到并超过了预期目标，发表文章35篇（均标注本基金项目资助），其中SCI文章18篇（JCR Q1区17篇），EI文章14篇，授权、受理专利各1项，作国际/国内会议大会特邀报告3次，培养博士/硕士生5人。.项目提出了“直条鼠笼+SMA-MR”、“折叠式鼠笼+金属橡胶”和“弹性环+SMA-MR”三种智能支承结构。通过对研制的智能支承结构静态/动态力学性能进行试验研究，结果表明：其刚度和阻尼参数具有明显的温变特性和幅值、频率依赖性，具有优于传统挤压油膜阻尼器转子支承结构的支承力学特性。.基于智能支承系统的上述力学特性，建立了具有时变刚度、阻尼和激振力参数的典型转子系统理论模型，将近似解析和数值方法相结合，对不同控制参数、阻尼条件下的平稳状态和瞬态动力响应进行仿真分析，系统研究了上述参数对转子系统稳态和瞬态动力学特性的影响，充分验证了具有主动可变刚度/阻尼参数的转子系统的振动主动控制效果，并建立了转子系统振动主动控制参数的优化选取规律，为该智能支承结构的推广应用提供必要的指导。.建立带智能支承结构的刚性/柔性试验转子系统，对其分别在室温、高温不同支承状态下的起动、加速和减速、停车过程振动响应进行对比研究，并分别在加速和减速过程采取不同的温控方式验证了主动变刚度振动控制的可行性和振动抑制效果。