被动式太阳能辐射供热系统对室内热环境的调节机理研究

The main object of this project is to set up a new passive solar heating system combining the solar thermal storage wall, heat pipes and radiant heating, which can satisfy the heat need of the buildings not consuming any power energy except for the solar resource, so it could greatly reduce the building energy consumption. Especially the application of the heat pipes, which breaks through the restriction of only applying the passive solar to the sunny side rooms, broadens the solar energy application fields of the construction. Study would be carried out on analyzing the heat transfer style and mechanism, revealing the key factor of influencing indoor heat environment, exploring the effecting mechanism of the surface temperature of heat pipes and the regulating mechanism of the wall and the phase materials on the indoor temperature field, and setting up the quantity relationship between the heat flux of the heat pipes and the indoor temperature, so as to seek for the whole-year distribution pattern of the indoor temperature based on the new passive solar heating system and to explore the key technology of controlling the heat transfer of the heat pipes to the indoor in summer. The research of the project could be lay a solid theoretical foundation for the new heating technology with low energy consumption of the buildings, and it would be a valuable exploration of the solar resource applying to the construction for enriching the heating style and reducing the energy consumption.

以集热蓄热墙、热管、辐射供热为基础构成一种新型被动式太阳能热管辐射供热系统。它无需任何动力消耗实现建筑供暖。热管的运用，突破了被动式太阳能房应用于南立面墙房间的约束，为太阳能在建筑中的应用拓宽途径。本项目拟深入剖析热量的传递方式和传递机理，探寻影响室内热环境的关键因素，揭示热管表面温度对室内热环境作用机理，建立热管热流量与室内温度场之间的量化关系，深入剖析墙体及蓄热材料对室内温度场的调节机理，研究整个系统全年室内温度场分布规律，探索夏季控制热管室内传热的关键技术。通过本项目的研究，为实现低能耗的的建筑采暖新技术奠定坚实的理论基础。该系统是太阳能在建筑上应用的一次有益探索，可望丰富我国建筑供热的系统形式，减少建筑能耗。

该项目把太阳能清洁供热与热管高效传热技术有机结合，设置了平板太阳能重力增强型热管辐射供暖系统和平板太阳能分离式热管室内供热系统进行研究。结果表明，平板太阳能重力增强型热管辐射供暖系统室内温度均匀，在室外太阳能集热器面积为0.5㎡，室内供热面积3㎡的条件下，在太阳能平均辐射照度为200W/㎡左右的条件下，南京冬季室内温度能维持在20℃左右。平板太阳能分离式热管室内供热系统在南京冬季气候条件下，室内供热面积为42㎡，设置了两组系统，太阳能集热面积为4㎡，太阳能辐射强度在300 W/㎡～500 W/㎡之间变化时，室内温度在12℃到16℃之间变化，该实验中还发现，室内散热器宜以垂直方向布置。该结果表明，太阳能室内供热系统是可行的，特别是在农村地区，太阳能集热器布置方便，且系统只有一次性投资，白天活动时室内温度较高，可满足基本的供热需求。另外对于南方地区，特别是习惯于室内空气温度不是特别高的地区，将太阳能供暖作为室内供暖的一个补充，也是一个可行的解决之道。