复杂金属环境下运动物体无线供能基础理论研究

Wireless power transmission technology is safer and more flexible compared with traditional contact conductive mode, especially suitable for specific occasions such as relative movement between transmission and receiving terminals, flammable and explosive conditions. With magnetic resonance wireless power transmission technology, power can be transferred further than electromagnetic induction method. However, the transmission theory in complex environment needs to be intensive studied. Based on the magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission theory, according to backgrounds of complex metal environment around the power transmission channel, and relative rapid movement between transmission and receiving terminals, fundamental theory will be study in this project. The non-contact power transmission model of moving object under the influence of complex metal environment will be established. Interaction mechanism between metal environment and resonant coupling field, as well as optimization design principle for magnetic field to reduce the influence from metal environmental will be clarified. Under the consideration of transmission power and transmission stability, the time window of power transmission under relative rapid movement between transmission and receiving terminals is expected to be expanded. The law and mutual restriction of transmission power and transmission efficiency will be revealed. Furthermore, the way to improve comprehensive transmission performances based on regulation and control mechanism for power and efficiency frequency response will be established. The research results are supposed to enrich the theory of magnetic resonance wireless power transmission, solve the problem of power efficient supply for moving objects under complex metal environment, and promote the application of the technology in fields such as information interaction between projectile and weapon system, electric vehicle wireless charging.

无线电能传输技术相对传统接触导电方式具有安全、灵活的优势，特别适用于能量收发端相对运动、易燃易爆等场合。磁共振无线能量传输技术相对电磁感应方式具有传输距离远的优势，但在复杂环境下的传输理论有待深入研究。本课题基于磁共振耦合无线能量传输理论，针对能量传输通道周围金属环境复杂、收发端相对快速运动的无线供能应用背景，开展相关基础理论研究。建立复杂金属环境影响下的运动体非接触能量传输系统模型，阐明金属环境与共振耦合场相互作用机理及抑制金属环境影响的磁路优化设计原则；兼顾传输功率与传输稳定性，拓宽收发端相对快速运动条件下的能量传输时间窗口；揭示传输功率与效率内在相互制约关系与规律，建立基于功率与效率频率响应调控机制的系统综合传输性能提高方法。研究成果将丰富完善磁共振无线能量传输理论体系，解决复杂金属环境影响下运动体高效供能问题，推动弹药与武器系统信息交联、电动汽车无线充电等相关技术的应用和发展。

磁共振耦合无线电能传输技术打破了传统电磁感应方式仅适合毫米级距离应用的缺陷，为无线电能传输技术带来了突破，但是在一些特殊应用场合，传输通道周围可能存在金属物体，收发端甚至存在相对运动，为电能的可靠传输带来了难度，针对该问题开展相关基础理论研究。主要研究成果和结论如下：.建立了金属环境影响下的线圈散射场阻抗计算模型及系统电能传输模型，揭示了金属环境对线圈参数、传输性能的影响规律。指出：因金属物体的存在，会引起线圈等效电阻值增大，电感值减小，且铁磁性金属材料较非铁磁性金属材料所引起的线圈电阻值增加量更多，而电感值减少量则小些；金属环境影响下的系统传输特性具有自由空间的特点，且共振频率会向上发生偏移。.仿真分析了收发端径向偏移条件下的电磁场分布特征，建立收发端共振线圈任意位置下的互感计算模型，提出了通过提高发送线圈与接收线圈直径比，降低传输功率对收发端轴向偏移敏感程度的方法，该方法可增大收发端相对运动下的有效耦合区域，扩展能量传输时间窗口，实现收发端相对运动下的能量可靠供给。.提出了两种传输性能优化控制方法。针对峰值功率与峰值效率工作频率点往往不重合的问题，提出了基于信息反馈的能效优化控制策略，借助能量传输通道，利用负载调制技术将接收端工作状态向发送端实时反馈，实现能量传输过程的闭环控制。针对能量传输过程因工作参数波动、位置微动引起工作频率偏离共振频率，导致传输性能下降的问题，利用自适应谐振频率跟踪技术，实现传输系统的实时监测和共振状态的保持。.研究成果丰富完善了磁共振耦合无线电能传输理论体系，有效解决了复杂金属环境影响下的运动体高效供能问题，已成功应用于某轻装甲定距空炸弹磁共振耦合无线交联系统中，推动了弹药与武器系统信息交联技术发展，相关成果在电动汽车无线充电、植入式人造器官等民用领域也有广阔应用前景。