畜禽废水生物处理过程中典型致病耐药菌及携带抗性基因的削减机制

Long-term heavy use of antibiotics in agriculture production causes a serious problem of resistance from livestock breeding. The resistant pathogens of livestock breeding source are by two ways including eating edible animal tissues and livestock manure into the environment (agricultural soil, water, etc.) to pose a health hazard. It is necessary to focus on transmission of pathogens and carrying resistance genes for reducing emissions in the environment resistance risk caused by livestock manure. In view of antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides) pollution of swine wastewater, the typical farming manure pathogens (non-typhoid salmonella, causing leakage of coliform, streptococcus) and carrying resistance genes are focused in this the study. The target of the research is to reduce the drug-resistant pathogenic and to control of resistance genes contaminated in livestock wastewater. The transfer characteristic of resistant pathogens and resistance genes resistant emissions from livestock wastewater to the processing unit will be investigated. The effect on antibiotic genes transmission of different geographical and environmental will be illustrated. Based on mechanism of resistance gene migration in biological treatment process for livestock wastewater, the parameters of livestock biological wastewater treatment technology would be optimized that can reduce the regulatory antibiotic genes.

农业生产过程长期大量使用抗生素造成我国畜禽源耐药性的形势十分严峻。畜禽源致病菌耐药性可通过食用动物的可食性组织及畜禽粪污进入环境（农用进入土壤、水体等）两种途径对人体健康构成危害。在削减畜禽养殖粪污排放环境的抗性风险中有必要重点关注致病性耐药菌及携带抗性基因的传播途径。本研究针对我国养猪废水中典型抗生素（四环素类、大环内酯类、磺胺类）污染现状，以养殖粪污中的典型致病菌非伤寒沙门氏菌、致泄性大肠菌、链球菌及携带抗性基因为研究对象，以畜禽养殖废水中致病耐药菌与抗性基因的污染削减与控制为目标，考察致病耐药菌与抗性基因从畜禽废水排放到处理单元的水平传递特性及其分型污染特征，确定不同地域及环境特征下养殖废水及处理过程致病性耐药菌同源与差异分布的动态规律及抗性水平传递过程的影响因素；揭示抗性基因在畜禽养殖废水生物处理过程中迁移机制，为畜禽养殖废水生物处理技术确定可削减抗性的工艺调控参数提供科学依据。

以畜禽养殖废水中潜在耐药菌与抗性基因的污染削减与控制为目标，课题组开展了畜禽养殖废水中致病微生物及抗生素抗性分布特征、在典型生物处理工艺中的迁移转化规律及影响因素、功能菌群优化调控与致病性耐药菌抗性的响应关系等研究。考察了典型A/O生物脱氮工艺氮转移菌群及抗性基因的赋存特征，抗生素及抗性基因从畜禽废水排放到处理单元的水平传递特性及其污染特征，采用传统微生物方法筛选培养氮素转化功能菌与分子生物学方法分析相结合解析了不同潜在致病氮素转化菌与抗生素抗性基因的产生、积累与传播的相关性。确定不同环境特征下养殖废水及处理过程功能微生物及潜在致病性耐药菌的动态规律及抗性水平传递过程的影响因素；揭示抗性基因在畜禽养殖废水生物处理过程中迁移机制，可为畜禽养殖废水生物处理技术确定可削减抗性的工艺调控参数提供科学依据。.本研究为明确不同地域及管理方式养殖废水中耐药菌和抗性基因污染特征，明确致病性耐药菌及抗性基因从畜禽废水到处理处置单元的迁移特征以及明确畜禽养殖废水生物处理过程对抗性迁移及传播过程的影响等方面提供了数据及研究方法支撑，发表文章11篇，其中SCI5篇，申请发明专利2项。培养硕士研究生3名。完成预定的研究任务。