新型装配式剪力墙结构自适应减震性能研究

In view of the failure mechanism and weak link under the strong earthquake of the typical prefabricated shear wall structure, based on the present related achievements, this project develops novel semi-active friction controllable rotation/sliding horizontal connection devices with piezoelectric stack as the core element, and establish the corresponding voltage-friction constitutive model, complete the design of fuzzy neural semi-active control system optimized by rough set theory through the combined methods of theoretical analysis, model test and numerical simulation. With a view to the corner limits in current code for seismic design of building, through optimization design and analysis, the horizontal connection devices are integrated into the prefabricated shear wall structure, which thus forms an innovative prefabricated shear wall structure with self-adaptive seismic-mitigation function. Variable friction for resisting shear, energy dissipation, the reasonable starting sliding-angle and the coupling relationship between voltage and the rotation/sliding of the wall are systematically researched for the wall through the low-cycled reversed loading test and shaking table test. The optimization analysis and calculation model are established. Meanwhile, the mechanism and general rule of self-adaptive seismic-mitigation are discussed for the innovative prefabricated shear wall structure. Finally, the corresponding theories for seismic response analysis and optimization design method are also proposed, which provide theoretical and technical support for the promotion and application of the prefabricated shear wall structure in high intensity areas. This project will not only find great significance in theory, but will enjoy a wide engineering application.

针对典型装配式剪力墙结构强震作用下的破坏机理和薄弱环节，在已有成果基础上，采用理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，研发以压电堆为核心元件的半主动摩擦可控转动/滑移新型水平连接装置，建立相应的电压-摩擦力本构模型，完成基于粗糙集理论优化的模糊神经半主动控制系统设计；考虑现行抗震规范中有关转角限值，通过优化设计与分析将其集成于装配式剪力墙结构之中，形成一种具有自适应减震功能的新型装配式剪力墙结构系统。通过模型结构的低周反复加载试验和模拟地震振动台试验，系统研究自适应减震装配式剪力墙变摩擦抗剪与耗能原理、合理起滑转角与电压-墙体转动/滑移之间的耦合关系，建立相应的优化分析和计算模型，探讨新型装配式剪力墙结构自适应减震机理和一般规律，提出相应的地震响应分析理论和优化设计构造方法，为装配式剪力墙结构在高烈度区的推广应用提供理论和技术支撑。项目的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义，而且工程应用前景广阔。

课题组针对典型装配式剪力墙结构强震作用下的破坏机理和薄弱环节，在已有成果基础上，采用理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法，研发了一种以压电堆为核心元件的半主动摩擦可控转动/滑移新型水平连接装置。考虑现行抗震规范中层间转角限值，通过优化设计与分析将其集成于装配式剪力墙结构之中，从而形成一种具有自适应减震功能的新型装配式剪力墙结构系统。通过理论分析、高精度有限元模拟和模型结构低周往复加载试验，系统研究了该新型装配式剪力墙结构合理起滑荷载、变摩擦抗剪与耗能机理、极限承载力等随各设计参数间的变化规律，建立相应的结构优化分析和计算模型，探讨了相应结构自适应减震机理和一般规律。上述研究结果表明，所设计的新型装配式剪力墙结构，装配方法简单、可靠，墙体具有足够承载能力，且在强震作用下能够依靠装置间滑动摩擦消耗大量地震能量，从而保护主体结构。具体为（1）水平连接装置中螺栓预紧力与装置的耗能能力和割线刚度基本呈线性关系，但对等效阻尼比影响不大；水平连接装置的力学性能几乎不受加载频率的影响，但增加螺栓数量可大幅提高装置耗能能力；水平连接装置在螺栓连接处产生较明显的应力集中，其摩擦抗剪主要表现为应力集中区钢板间静/滑动摩擦力所提供的转动阻力矩；（2）基于螺栓预紧力、钢板接触面摩擦系数和螺栓总距（转动阻力臂）三个主要墙体主要设计参数，提出了新型装配式剪力墙结构摩擦抗剪承载力计算公式，与试验结果吻合较好；（3）通过新型装配式剪力墙抗震性能试验可得，该墙体承载能力与普通现浇墙体相近，但具有更为优异的变形能力、滞回性能和耗能能力，其在最终破坏时的耗能值约为普通现浇墙体6倍；水平连接装置螺栓数量的减少对墙体承载能力影响较小，但滞回性能降低、加剧墙体变形；轴压比或边缘构件纵筋配筋率的降低会导致剪力墙承载能力降低和极限位移增大。上述研究成果为该类结构在高烈度区的推广应用提供了全新的理论与技术支撑，前景广阔。