驱油用高效生物基表面活性剂的结构与性能研究

Most oilfields are on the period of third oil recovery in China. Heightenning interfacial activities is the key and kernel whether in unitary flooding, binary flooding or in a multicomponent flooding systems. Non-basification of flooding system is the future direction. Studies shown that a complex system, containing more than one surfactant, bears higher interfacial activities. The studies on the interaction btween surfactans has become a focus in third oil recovery. It was proposed that synergic interactions between biobased surfactants with different structues and active substances in crude oil, and molecular structures with high-interfacial activities and interaction rules will be explored, to establish flooding systems with high-interfacial activities and without alkali. A series of surfactants with different hydrophobic chains and different hydrophilic parts will be synthesed from renewalbe materials. The interactions and behaviours on interfaces and in solutions of the biobased and their mixtures, the interactions between biobased surfactants with different structures and different active conponents in oil, the relationship between interfacial behaviours, interfacial acitibities, oil-displacing activities and biobased surfactant sturctures will be studied through experiments and modulations, to reveal the interaction rules between different oil and surfactants with different structures. The relationship of structures and functions, obtained in the studies, could be used to indicate model molecules and complex systems with high interfacial activities for synthesis and supply theoretic supports for constructing oil-flooding complex system with high activities and without alkali, and establish a solid foundation for strengthening oil recovery in water flooding reserviors of old oilfields.

我国大部分油田已进入高含水的三次采油阶段，无论是一元、二元或多元复合驱体系，提高界面活性是其核心和关键，无碱化是发展方向。研究表明，表面活性剂间的复配体系有更高的界面活性，表面活性剂间的相互作用已成为三次采油基础研究的重点。该课题提出不同结构生物基表面活性剂与原油中活性物质的协同作用，以构建高界面活性及无碱化驱油体系为目的，探索高界面活性体系的分子结构及作用规律。由可再生材料合成不同疏水链和不同亲水基结构的表面活性剂，研究它们及其复配体系在界面及溶液中的分子行为及相互作用，研究不同结构生物基表面活性剂与原油不同活性成分间的协同作用，实验及模拟研究这些复配体系的界面行为，界面活性、驱油作用与生物基表面活性剂结构的关系，揭示不同油品与不同结构表面活性剂体系的作用规律。获得的结构和活性的关系可为合成高界面活性化合物提供模式分子，为驱油复配体系无碱化提供理论支持，为水驱油藏的强化采油奠定重要基础。

针对我国大部分油田已进入高含水的三次采油阶段，驱油体系的无碱化是发展方向。以构建高界面活性的无碱化驱油体系为目的，由油脂或油脂中脂肪酸为原料，合成了系列不同疏水链和不同亲水基的生物基表面活性剂，研究了其界面性质、表面性质、抗盐、抗温等性质，分析了结构和性质的相关性，明确了高界面活性的生物基两性表面活性剂结构，优化了由废弃油脂制备生物基表面活性剂的方法，模拟及实验研究了表面活性剂分子在油水界面的分子行为、吸附动力学及相互作用，构建了高界面活性的驱油体系，并评价其性质。研究结果为驱油复配体系无碱化提供支持，为水驱油藏的强化采油奠定了坚实基础。