一类多孔样疏松结缔组织的传递现象与循环系统关系的研究

Since 1980s, an interesting biological phenomenon has been disclosed all over the world that a circulatory channel can be visualized if a low molecular weight tracer is injected hypodermically into an acupuncture point in both human and animals in comparison with none is found into a non-acupuncture and non-meridians point. Given the same methodological strategy, a perivenous loose connective tissue pathway in a mammal is proved to be capable of transporting interstitial fluid along venous adventitia from lower extremities into pericardial cavity, partial walls of small intestines and pulmonary veins, the driving mechanism and power of which is similar with fluid flow through porous medium rather than those in blood or lymphatic vessels particularly. Therefore, no matter what the relationship between the complementary circulatory pathways and ancient Meridians and Collaterals is, extensive studies on the specialized loose connective tissues with high hydraulic conductivity are strongly suggested, such as their physiological functions, the drainage mechanism, which will take profound insights into the microcirculation within tissues and organs, and provide novel methods and research materials in these unexplored fields.

自1980年以来，国内外很多研究揭示了一种独特的生物学现象- - 在人类十二经脉位于手足部位的穴位区皮下注射小分子量示踪剂，能够显像一种特殊通道，而在非经非穴区则没有。采用同样的示踪显像方法，在动物体内发现并证实一类分布于静脉外膜及其临近的疏松结缔组织通道，具有传输组织液的辅助循环功能，其传输机制和动力符合液体在多孔介质中的传递，与血液和淋巴循环明显不符。尤为特殊的是，在下肢远端的这类结缔组织中注射示踪剂，能够使得小肠和肺静脉的部分管壁显影、以及心包积液增加。因此，不论这类辅助循环通道与古典经络有何关系，继续深入研究这种具有高导水率的多孔样疏松结缔组织的生理功能、传输机制，对于深入理解组织器官的微循环，将提供新的研究内容和方法。

从材料学的角度观察，血管外膜的疏松结缔组织是一类典型的纤维-水凝胶结构，液体等物质在疏松结缔组织中的传递现象和输运机制尚不明确。本研究在实验兔下肢末端血管附近的疏松结缔组织中注射荧光素，观察到血管外膜附近存在一类液体传输的通路。通过荧光体视显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、透射电镜等，观察到结缔组织中的纤维丝表面被来自上游的荧光素染色，提示其表面存在着液体流动的空间；并检测到直径20nm以下的金纳米颗粒能够通过纤维丝表面的空隙，间接说明结缔组织中存在纳米尺度的空隙，很有可能与液体的传输机制相关；初步发现以组胺为代表的生物活性物质能够在此类疏松结缔组织中传输。这些发现，为深入探索和研究结缔组织中的物质传递现象及其与传统循环系统的关系奠定了基础。