湿地松大群体活立木材性和松脂性状无损评估及其联合选择研究

Slash pine(Pinus elliottii Engelman var. elliottii) is an important tree species in forest ecosystems and plantation for log and resin in the southern China. Some large gains for growth traits of slash pine are available by the introduction and domestication for decades. Wood properties, especially those tested by destructive sampling traits such as stiffness and bending strength, were improved poorly because of the difficulties of sampling survey. The resin traits, which are tested with complexed method and high cost, have not made great progress. Then the researches on the relationship between the traits of wood properties and resin traits are almost in a blank. Nondestructive evaluation(NDE) technology is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage. Because NDE does not permanently alter the article being inspected, it is a highly valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research. The development of NDE technologies provides the potential to research the wood properties and resin traits for standing trees of slash pine based on a large sampling. In this study, the predicted models for slash pine Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), basic density and resin traits will be constructed based on the NDE technologies of Acoustic Velocity（AV）、Pilodyn and near infrared spectroscopy（NIRs), respectively. The MOE, basic density and resin traits for each slash pine standing trees of the large breeding population were measured and evaluated by the NDE models. Then study on combined selection for wood properties and resin traits will be done, which would afford the basis of breeding strategy for the the selection for wood properties and resin traits.

湿地松是我国南方重要的生态、用材和采脂树种，经过数十年引种驯化，生长性状获得较大的增益；然而涉及到树干强度等需要破坏性取样的性状只能小规模抽样调查；松脂相关的性状由于取样方法较繁杂、测试费用高，研究进展不大。同时，当前材性和松脂性状相关性研究近乎空白，缺乏材脂兼用湿地松选择基础。无损评估（Nondestructive Evaluation, NDE）技术是现代多学科融合发展的产物，为大量工农业生产和科研提供了快捷、无损伤的评估方法， 这为活立木材性、松脂性状的规模性测定奠定了基础。本项目以声波（AV）、Pilodyn和近红外（NIRs）技术为基础，建立湿地松弹性模量、基本密度和松脂相关性状的无损评估模型，在湿地松大育种群体中开展活立木材性和松脂性状的无损评估，揭示其遗传规律和回归关系，并以指数选择为基础建立材性和松脂性状的联合选择模型，为材脂兼用树种的选择奠定理论基础。

湿地松是我国南方重要的生态、用材和采脂树种，经过数十年引种驯化，生长性状获得较大的增益；然而涉及到树干强度等需要破坏性取样的性状只能小规模抽样调查；松脂相关的性状由于取样方法较繁杂、测试费用高，研究进展不大。同时，当前材性和松脂性状相关性研究近乎空白，缺乏材脂兼用湿地松选择基础。本研究以我国湿地松核心遗传育种大群体为基础，利用弹性模量无损检测设备AV以及木材阻力测试分析仪器Pilodyn和Resistograph建立了湿地松活立木弹性模量（MOE）和基本密度（DEN）的无损评估模型，可以借助上述仪器设备快速无损测定大样本量的湿地松育种群体，其主要模型如下：1）利用Resistograph阻力测定值AM预测基本密度ρ的线性回归方程为ρ= 0.003 1AM+0.413 7（R =0.50，P < 0.000 1）；2）利用Pilodyn阻力测定值p预测基本密度的线性回归方程为 ρ=-0.006 4p+0.630 7（R=0.30，P < 0.01）；3）弹性模量ＭＯＥ与Ｖ值相关极显著（P<0.001），V与MOE的回归方程为MOE=-5.1218+3.2394V，决定系数R2=0.9219；4）通过GC-MS技术与近红外光谱（NIR）建立了alpha-pinene的NIR预测模型，模型NIR光谱采用了MSC前处理，采用PLS（偏最小二乘法）构建模型，得到模拟模型的决定系数R2为0.89，均方根误差为0.21；预测模型的决定系数R2为0.84，均方根误差为0.25。从而实现大规模湿地松松脂的主要成份的NIR光谱预测，大大降低了测定成本。最后利用以上成果开展了湿地松活立木MOE、基本密度、松脂含量及主要成分的全试验林单株测定，揭示了材性和松脂性状的遗传变异规律，表现为材性性状的遗传力在0.2920~0.3050之间，生长性状遗传力在0.0625~0.2160之间；松脂双萜烯中海松酸、枞酸、异海松酸、新枞酸、海松醛、异海松醛等家系遗传力在0.50以上，处于较高水平；单株狭义遗传力也较高，在0.10以上；双萜烯海松酸与海松烯高度遗传正相关（r=0.93，P<0.01）；单萜烯α-蒎烯与双萜烯异海松酸、枞酸类呈现显著或不显著遗传负相关。以指数选择为基础建立了材性、生长和松脂性状的联合选择模型，为材脂兼用树种的选择奠定了基础。