高保真全矢量偏振成像技术基础研究

Because of its special characteristics, recently, polarization techniques have been applied in communications, detections and imaging fields extensively. Here, we have mainly proposed a series of solutions for overcoming the restriction problems of polarization imaging. For the fundamental problems of the environmental influence factors on the objective original polarization information that can reflect the target's polarized characteristics in the transmitting and detecting processes, based on the Monte-Carlo simulation, we will build a novel polarization retrieve method to realize the accurate reconstruction of the original polarization information transmitted in the complex dispersive system. Meanwhile, we have also proposed a novel method of retrieving the original polarization information in the real imaging system with the area-array sources and the area-array detecting sensors. Both investigations will provide the new theory and method for the high-fidelity polarization imaging. For the problems in the directly detecting the full-Stokes-vector of the polarization information, based on the nanophotonics, we have proposed a design of a novel full-Stokes-vector polarization detector with the aids of the theory on modulating the phase by the dielectric metasurface, which can be used as the full-Stokes-vector polarization imaging for the detecting objects. At the same time, we will investigate the spectral scope of the designed full-Stokes-vector polarization detector, and we will also investigate its modulating possibility of the spectral scope. At last, we will also investigate the calibration system for the designed full-Stokes-vector polarization detector in different wavelength regions, and try to make it be practical, so we can realize the high-fidelity full-Stokes-vectors polarization imaging.

由于偏振信息的独特性质，近年来已经被广泛的应用于通信、探测、成像等领域。本课题主要针对当前偏振成像所面临的问题，提出一套相应的解决方案。对反映目标偏振特性的原始偏振信息在传输探测过程中受到环境因素影响的问题，基于蒙特卡洛算法，建立一种偏振信息恢复新方法，实现对经过复杂散射体系散射的原始信息进行精确反演重建；同时提出一种在面光源与阵列像元偏振成像系统中信息恢复新方法，从而为高保真偏振成像提供新手段。针对无法对偏振信息的全部斯托克斯矢量进行直接探测的问题，我们基于纳米光子学理论，提出利用电介质超表面对入射光信号相位调制的原理，设计一种全新的可以实现对全部斯托克斯矢量进行直接探测的偏振信息探测设备，从而可以实现对被探测物体进行全矢量偏振成像；同时也将研究该全矢量偏振信息探测设备的光谱适应性及可调谐性；最后我们也将研究该探测设备在不同工作波长的定标体系，使其实用化，从而实现高保真全矢量偏振成像。

围绕实现高保真全矢量偏振成像研究方案，研究了不同粒子对于偏振信息的影响物理机制，构建了不同类型的光学分散体系；基于蒙特卡洛算法实现了偏振信息的传输过程仿真，并实现了一种创新型的偏振信息恢复算法，可以对目标的偏振信息进行精确反演；同时提出一种移位叠加原理方法，实现了面光源偏振成像系统中的偏振信息恢复；利用偏振纯度指数对不同分散体系中的粗糙表面及葡萄糖溶液的退偏属性进行表征，使得分散体系及其中的目标更具有可分辨度。.围绕全斯托克斯矢量偏振信息获取研究方案，首先设计了基于全介质超表面的自旋依赖的多功能圆偏振分析仪，便于同时探测两种不同旋性的圆偏振分量；为消除色差对偏振信息探测的不利影响，设计基于全介质超表面的宽带消色差透镜，拓展偏振信息探测设备的工作带宽且提高工作效率；同时也设计了基于相变材料和石墨烯的超表面，实现了偏振信息探测设备的光谱适应性及可调谐性；最后我们设计了基于氮化镓超表面的高效全矢量偏振分析仪，实现了全斯托克斯矢量偏振信息的获取，从而为实现高保真全矢量偏振成像提供科学有效的技术基础。