磁性导电聚合物吸波材料的合成及其结构与性能研究

Composite material made by doping magnetic nanoparticle in conducting polymer has a low density, good thermostability, controlled electromagnetic parameters, lower reflection loss peak, broader effective bandwidths and can be used as  electro-magnetic shielding and microwave absorbing materials. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticle destroied ordered structure and give rise to the change of electromagnetic parameters of conducting polymer, but the structure of composite material has not minutely researched. Thus, the correlation between the structure and performance of composite material has not been found out. At the same time, the dispersibility of Magnetic nanoparticle and the compatibility of each component of composite material need to further investigation.   Based on this, core-shell microwave absorbing materials which has better dielectric loss and magnetic loss properties are synthesized by self-assembly technique and in-situ polymerization method with nano-sized clubbed attapulgiteas inorganic guest and GO，aniline as monomer and Re- Fe3O4 as Magnetic nanoparticle. one-dimensional polyaniline nanofibers are main composition of core-shell microwave absorbing materials and there are no published data for this. Inter facial adhesion between inorganic filler and conducting polymer and structure model of core-shell microwave absorbing materials are researched. Simultaneously, the relation between electromagnetic parameters and structure of composite material are also studied. Solving key technologies existing in construction of polyaniline nano-fibers and research of the relation between electromagnetic parameters and structure of composite material, we supply some new ideas, theories and experimental basis to enhance comprehensive performance of composite material and promote the development of multispectral compatible stealthy materials.

将磁性纳米粒子掺杂到导电聚合物中，形成的复合材料密度较小，热稳定性高，电磁参数可调控，由于具有更低的反射损耗峰值和更大的有效带宽，可用于制备高性能的电磁屏蔽和吸波材料。目前对此类复合材料结构的研究还不够深入，各个组分分散性及相容性还有待于提高。基于此，本研究拟采用具有均匀纳米棒晶结构、高比表面积且吸附能力优异的凹凸棒黏土为无机客体，以掺稀土-铁氧体为磁性纳米粒子，引入片层结构的石墨烯，采用自组装技术和原位聚合方法，制备兼具介电与磁损耗特性的磁性导电聚合物吸波材料，构建主体具有三维孔结构的聚苯胺/铁氧体/凹土/石墨烯复合材料，此类结构鲜见报道。研究其核壳式结构的界面关系，构建三维结构模型，研究复合材料结构与电磁参数之间关系。从而解决聚苯胺的纳米纤维结构在构建和影响电磁复合材料三维结构与性能关系存在的关键技术难题，为研究兼具较好介电性能和磁导率的复合材料体系研究提供理论指导。

将磁性纳米粒子掺杂到导电聚合物中，形成的复合材料密度较小，热稳定性高，电磁参数可调控，由于具有更低的反射损耗峰值和更大的有效带宽，可用于制备高性能的电磁屏蔽和吸波材料。以聚苯胺（PANI）为导电聚合物的代表，将铁氧体与聚苯胺复合形成的电磁复合材料，通过调节各组分的组成以达到对复合材料电、磁性能的优化，实现电、磁功能的复合，形成的电磁复合材料基于两者的特点，以满足目前高屏蔽、低反射的屏蔽要求。.本研究采用具有均匀纳米棒晶结构、高比表面积且吸附能力优异的凹凸棒黏土为无机客体，以掺稀土-铁氧体为磁性纳米粒子，引入片层结构的石墨烯，采用自组装技术和原位聚合方法，制备兼具介电与磁损耗特性的磁性导电聚合物吸波材料，构建了主体具有三维孔结构的聚苯胺/铁氧体/凹土/石墨烯复合材料，此类结构鲜见报道。.研究其核壳式结构的界面关系，构建三维结构模型，研究复合材料结构与电磁参数之间关系。从而解决聚苯胺的纳米纤维结构在构建和影响电磁复合材料三维结构与性能关系存在的关键技术难题，为研究兼具较好介电性能和磁导率的复合材料体系研究提供理论指导。.重要结果及关键数据：通过溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法先合成二元复合材料，利用原位化学氧化聚合法制备了ATP/BaFe12O19/PANI三元复合材料，当ATP/BaFe12O19含量为0.1g时，ATP/BaFe12O19/PANI复合材料的吸波性能最优。在吸波层厚度为2mm、频率为11.28 GHz时，最小反射损耗值达到-11.89 dB，-5 dB以下的带宽达到6.39 GHz(8.42~14.81 GHz)。在频率为0.2-18 GHz、厚度为2 mm时，ATP/BaFe12O19/PANI三元复合材料的吸波性能较BaFe12O19、ATP/BaFe12O19的好，最大吸收峰值在11.28 GHz时达到−11.89 dB，−5 dB以下的吸收带宽可达6.39 GHz (8.42-14.81 GHz)。还制备了镧铈掺杂钡铁氧体BLCF纳米粉体的三元复合材料BLCF/ATP/PANI，在2-18GHz频率范围，当BLCF与ATP添加量为苯胺单体的20wt％、添加比例为93：7时复合材料的吸波性能最佳，匹配厚度为1.6mm时，在频率16.2GHz处有最小反射损耗为-46.60dB，有效吸收带宽(RL<-10dB)为4.1GHz(13.9-18GHz)。