工业车间内涡旋通风的流动机理及设计方法研究

Ventilation air distribution mode is the key factor of indoor air pollutant control. For industrial workshops that emit air pollutants, the existing ventilation air distribution model is difficult to form a stable control chain between pollution sources and ventilation systems due to the huge amount of pollutants, complex emission characteristics and numerous environmental disturbance factors. Vortex ventilation is a kind of ventilation air distribution mode based on column air vortex, which has strong convergence and long control distance, and has significant advantages for the capture and control of air pollutants. Although this kind of ventilation air distribution mode has been put forward for years, it has not been systematically studied in theory and application. This project takes the vortex ventilation as the research object by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and scale model experiment, reveals the generation and mass transfer mechanism of column air vortex in the vortex ventilation, clarifies the robustness of the vortex ventilation to environmental disturbance factors; explains the coupling mechanism of the vortex ventilation air flow with the pollutants of different physical parameters, distribution characteristics and emission characteristics, and obtains the applicability of vortex ventilation to different types of air pollutants. A series of vortex ventilation design methods adapted to different environmental control will be proposed to meet the environmental control requirements of industrial workshops. The project research is expected to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the improvement of the control efficiency of air pollutants in industrial workshops.

通风气流组织模式是室内空气污染物控制的关键因素。对于散发空气污染物的工业车间，由于污染物散发量巨大、散发特性复杂且环境干扰因素众多，现有通风气流组织模式难以在污染源和通风系统之间形成稳定的控制链。涡旋通风是一种基于柱状空气涡旋的通风气流组织形式，具有汇聚作用强、控制距离远的特点，对于空气污染物的捕集控制具有显著优势。这种通风气流组织形式虽然早被提出，但尚未在理论和应用层面得到系统研究。本项目以涡旋通风为研究对象，通过理论分析、数值模拟及缩尺模型实验，揭示涡旋通风中柱状空气涡旋的生成及靶向传质机理，明确涡旋通风对环境干扰因素的鲁棒性；阐明涡旋通风气流与不同物性参数、分布特性及散发特性污染物的耦合机制，得出涡旋通风对不同种类特性空气污染物的适用性；针对工业车间环境控制需求，提出适配不同环境控制的系列涡旋通风设计方法。项目研究有望为工业车间内空气污染物的控制效率大幅提升提供理论依据和技术指导。

工业车间由于空间高大，污染源项复杂，通风排污设备的安装受生产工艺限制，导致传统通风气流组织难以充分捕获并长距离输运污染物。本研究提出了一种基于柱状空气涡旋流动模式的涡旋通风技术，并针对其基本生成机理、环境适应性、污染源项适应性、及建筑需求适应性等方面展开了理论分析、实验及数值模拟研究，得到如下结论：（1）提出了涡旋通风的底部角动量送风模式及全流域角动量送风模式两种基本通风模式，为系列涡旋通风的技术装置开发提供理论指导；（2）研究了多个邻近涡旋通风气流作用时，流场结构及排污效率变化特征，为后续大空间大尺度多涡旋通风技术研究提供基础；（3）研究了涡旋通风与常温及高温浮力驱动污染物的相互耦合作用机制，明确了常温污染物在涡旋通风气流下的流动轨迹，以及涡旋通风气流对高温污染物捕集的增益-减益转化特征，为涡旋通风关键应用场景的参数设计提供支撑；（4）研究了基于空气涡环结构的涡环送风技术，明确了涡环送风的长距离、高新风输送特征，研发了适用于高大空间长距离精准送风的涡环送风装置。本项目的研究预期将建立针对工业车间的高效通风新模式，从而大幅提升对工业污染物的捕集效率，改善工业生产环境。