寒冷地区"流域-海湾"系统氮污染过程与响应机制研究

Due to the serous spring flush and the summer flood of the nitrogen pollution in cold regions, the eutrophication have the characteristics of two mountain peaks, which has the important research significance of point and nonpoint souce nitrogen pollution in cold regions.. Based on the academic thoughts of “from source to sink”, the point source and nonpoint source nitrogen process and response mechanism of watershed and bay system in cold regions are studied, which focus on: (1) A series of experiments in small typical watershed and neighboring sea are conducted, with the whole watershed and bay monitoring, are used to investigate the nitrogen environmental behavior and the main factor in cold regions. (2) The coupling systems of EFDC model and SWAT model are constructed, which are used to investigate the response mechanism of nitrogen in watershed and bay system. In summary, this study will help to understand the environmental behavior of nitrogen in cold regions, and provide scientific support for the nitrogen control and environment management.

北方寒冷地区的氮污染具有“冬存春出”和“夏季集中输出”的特征，形成了海湾赤潮爆发呈双峰形的特点，使寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统点源与非点源氮污染研究具有重要意义。本项目依据“从源到汇”的学术思想，以高速发展的普兰店湾区域为研究对象，拟开展寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统的点源与非点源氮污染过程与响应机制研究: (1)通过春季冲刷和夏季汛期小流域及邻近海域氮污染过程监测，并结合整个流域与海湾的现场调查与资料分析，揭示寒冷地区春季和夏季“从高山到海洋”的氮污染特征与规律，并确定相应的影响因素；(2)基于以上研究，构建适用于寒冷地区的流域SWAT与海湾EFDC耦合模型系统，准确描述“从高山到海洋”氮污染受水动力、化学、生物和气候等的相互作用，探究北方寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统氮污染的响应机制。通过以上研究，科学合理地阐明寒冷地区海湾氮污染的形成机理与响应机制，为遏制日益加剧的海湾氮污染提供科学依据。

北方寒冷地区的氮污染具有“冬存春出”和“夏季集中输出”的特征，形成了海湾赤潮爆发呈双峰形的特点。目前渤海地区面临严重的生态危机，使寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统点源与非点源氮污染研究具有重要意义。本项目开展寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统的点源与非点源氮污染过程与响应机制研究: (1)通过整个流域与海湾的现场调查与资料分析，并结合春季冲刷和夏季汛期现场监测，建立陆源入海过程与通量评估模型，揭示寒冷地区春季冲刷和夏季降雨的诱发大量氮污染集中入海，并确定主要的影响因素；(2)基于以上研究，构建适用于寒冷地区的海湾三维水质模型，探究北方寒冷地区“流域-海湾”系统氮污染的响应机制。进行排污情景分析，模拟预测海湾水质变化情况并制定减排方案。通过以上研究，科学合理地阐明寒冷地区海湾氮污染的形成机理与响应机制，为遏制日益加剧的海湾氮污染提供科学依据。