古建木构的状态评估、安全极限与性能保持

Heritage buildings are the typical representative, essential part and main basis of Chinese culture, wood framework buildings absolutely are the main and central part of Chinese heritage buildings. With a long time service and the action of different kinds of loadings, nearly all the heritage wood frameworks are in a serious bad condition, it is essential and urgent for the heritage wood frameworks to be maintained and retrofitted, to keep their safe existence. There are a few key academic and technological questions ought to be answered before retrofitting, including basic properties of the old timber, timber joints and wood frameworks, condition assessment of the heritage wood frameworks at present state, the left lifetime and limit capacity, the retrofitting method and instrument. All of these will be the main contents of the presented proposal, and the prospected results include establishing analysis models for the materials of the old wood, traditional wood joints and heritage wood frameworks; proposing the condition assessment method considering the characteristics of the heritage buildings based on the dynamic monitoring; obtaining the left lifetime or the limit capacity of the heritage wood frameworks subjecting to different loadings; developing method to simulate traditional retrofit process and the retrofitting construction equipment.

古代建筑是中华文化的典型代表、重要组成和主要载体。木构架建筑在中国建筑发展过程中占有绝对的主流和支配地位，体现了中国古建筑的核心内涵。由于年代久远、饱经沧桑，对木构古建开展维修保护研究确保其安全是十分必要和紧迫的。本项目的总目标是为重要古建木构在是否需要维修、何时维修、维修到何种程度、采用何种及如何完善传统维修方法等预防性保护的几个主要问题上提供科学技术支撑。为此确定的研究内容包括古建木构的基本受力性能、古建木构状态评估方法、古建木构现状的安全极限、古建木构性能保持与提升的方法与技术四个方面；以建立古木材性、传统节点和古建木构的分析模型和方法；提出基于动力监测的古建木构状态评估方法；评估不同类型荷载(永久荷载、交通荷载、人群荷载、风荷载、地震荷载)作用下古建木构现状的极限承载力或剩余寿命；开发传统加固修复工艺的模拟方法和相关技术与装置。

古代建筑是中华文化的典型代表、重要组成和主要载体。木构架建筑在中国建筑发展过程中占有绝对的主流和支配地位，体现了中国古建筑的核心内涵。由于年代久远、饱经沧桑，对木构古建开展维修保护研究确保其安全是十分必要和紧迫的。本项目针对古建筑木构件的基本力学性能、状态评估、安全极限和性能保持与提升，基于理论分析、数值模拟、实验室试验及现场试验研究了古建木构材性特征并提出了性能衰减模型，建立了能够反映节点整体受力特性及各组成部件接触面实验特征的节点等效有限元模型，研究了整体木构架的受力与变形特征；提出了适用于古建木构的动力特性及关键节点参数识别方法与结构损伤识别方法，提出了基于多重优化准则的动力测试中传感器优化布置方法，研究了温度对古建木构的影响机理，并基于长期监测数据提出了结构变形预测方法；研究了交通、人群、风及地震荷载作用下古建木构的极限状态；研究了古建木构的修缮加固方案及机理，开发了古建筑纠偏的新工艺和新装置。研究成果为古建筑的科学保护提供了支撑。