酸性尾矿废水生物被膜中厌氧微生物群落结构与功能研究

Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated by heavy metal mine exploitation, which leads to the serious deterioration of the surrounding water and soil, is catching more and more academic attentions. Since anaerobic microbial remediation is one of the major AMD remediation approaches, it is necessary to deeply investigate the structure and functions of the indigenous anaerobic microbial communities in AMD. In the present study, investigations would focus on the functional anaerobic microbial community in the AMD biofilms. By applying high-throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatic analysis, the community structure and major environmental factors of different anaerobic microorganisms in AMD biofilms would be studied. In order to investigate the response mechanism of indigenous microorganisms to the extreme environmental stress of AMD, the draft genomes of the target anaerobic microorganisms would be obtained and the adaptive evolution of the indigenous microorganisms under the AMD stress would be analyzed. Besides, the metabolism pathway of sulfur and iron in the anaerobic films of AMD biofilms, as well as the mechanisms of the heavy metal resistance, would also be included in the present study. The relationship between the anaerobic microbial structure and functions would be established then, so that to elucidate the role of anaerobic microorganisms in biogeochemical cycle of sulfur and iron in the AMD biofilms. The results of the proposed study would be of great importance to the application of indigenous anaerobic microorganisms to the in situ remediation of AMD water and contaminated soils.

重金属矿产开发产生的酸性尾矿废水(AMD)严重污染了矿区及周边的水体和土壤，是学术界关注的重大环境热点问题。由于厌氧微生物修复是当前治理AMD的主要途径之一，因此有必要深入研究AMD中土著厌氧微生物群落的结构与功能。本项目拟选取AMD生物被膜中厌氧微生物功能群作为研究对象，应用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析，研究不同AMD被膜中的厌氧微生物的群落结构及其主要环境限定因子；通过比较基因组分析，分析土著厌氧微生物在AMD环境胁迫压力下的适应性进化，探究土著微生物对AMD极端环境胁迫的响应机制；同时考察被膜中厌氧微生物的硫、铁等关键元素的代谢通路，构建被膜中厌氧微生物物种与硫、铁代谢功能之间的映射关系，以期阐明AMD被膜中厌氧微生物对硫、铁生物地球化学循环过程的影响。本研究的结果对指导应用土著厌氧微生物原位修复AMD污染水体和土壤具有重要意义。

重金属矿产开发产生的酸性尾矿废水(AMD)严重污染了矿区及周边的水体和土壤，是学术界关注的重大环境热点问题。由于微生物修复是当前治理AMD的主要途径之一，因此有必要深入研究AMD中土著微生物群落的结构及其环境限制因子。本项目选取广东大宝山多金属矿区和赣州稀土矿区下游AMD流域为研究场地，以AMD生物被膜和其它环境介质样品为研究对象，应用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析，研究AMD生物被膜、水体、底泥等样品中微生物群落物种组成、多样性、共出现关系和主要环境限定因子。结果显示，AMD生物被膜中存在多种铁硫代谢微生物，包括Ferritrophicum、Sideroxydans、Ferrovum、Acidiferrobacter等，其中嗜酸铁氧化菌Ferrovum为优势铁代谢微生物；AMD生物被膜群落多样性介于水体和底泥样品之间，处于液相和固相微生物群落的中间过度状态；共出现网络分析发现生物被膜聚类系数显著高于水体和底泥样品，表明AMD生物被膜中微生物之间存在更加强烈的相互作用，预示着生物被膜中微生物可能通过复杂的互利机制协同适应AMD酸毒瘠生境；典型相关分析发现与水体和底泥不同，AMD生物被膜群落主要受到叶绿素、硝氮和溶解氧调控，表明生物被膜微生物可能由好氧和厌氧异养微生物共同组成，因此其关键环境限制因子具有一定特异性。本研究的结果对指导应用土著厌氧微生物原位修复AMD污染水体和土壤具有重要意义。