大跨空间结构吊顶非结构系统地震失效机理及抗震风险评估研究

Failure of ceiling system can interrupt operation of the building even if the structure keeps at high performance level after earthquake. This project focuses on the seismic failure mechanism and risk assessment of ceiling system for large-span space structures. Main contents contain: (1) The FEM analysis technique of ceiling coupling system. The geometric model of the function portions and structure will be modeled with BIM, and the characteristics of structure and installation are both taken into account. The model information of each portion is shared by IFC. The interface program between BIM and structural softwares such as ANSYS and Opensees are developed. The seismic analyses are realized by the integrated FEM model of the ceiling system and the Large-span Space Structure. (2) Failure mechanism of ceiling system. The seismic failure models of ceiling systems are defined according to their performance and operation maintenances. Failure characteristics are analyzed by seismic damage analysis, numerical simulation and shaking table tests. Then the failure mechanism is revealed, and seismic measures are proposed based on the above studies. (3) Seismic measures of ceiling system. The connections between structure and ceiling system, interior of the function section and among each section, will be discussed. Then the details of seismic design will be also put forward according to important factor. (4) Risk assessment of operation interruption for ceiling system. Seismic reliability of the ceiling systems is discussed. Both the malfunction model of each function portion and its induced operation interruption probability of the system are studied. Loss assessment model of operation interruption is then put forward, and the risk assessment of operation interruption is realized on the basis of resilient research. Conclusions from this project would be the reference for seismic design of ceiling system, and provide support for risk assessment of seismic ability of cities.

针对空间结构吊顶系统地震失效机理及抗震风险评估展开研究。内容如下：（1）研究吊顶耦合系统抗震有限元分析技术，应用BIM建立各部分几何模型，通过IFC标准实现数据交互共享，开发并完善BIM与ANSYS及Opensees的接口程序，实现空间结构与吊顶非结构系统整体建模抗震分析。（2）从维持正常运营的角度定义吊顶系统失效模式，通过震害分析、数值模拟及振动台试验揭示失效机理。（3）研究吊顶系统的抗震措施，包括吊顶系统与结构的连接设计、吊顶系统各功能部分间连接设计及各部分内部连接设计，并依据不同抗震设防分区及吊顶系统类型提出相应抗震构造措施。（4）确定各功能部分引起运营中断的故障模式及其失效概率，推导出相应吊顶系统的失效概率；确定运营中断的损失评价模型，实现吊顶系统地震运营中断的风险评估。通过本项目研究，为空间结构吊顶系统抗震设计提供参考，为大中城市地震风险评估提供技术支持。

大跨空间结构广泛应用在机场等重要公共性建筑中，针对其结构自身抗震性能良好，非结构震害严重，尤其是缺乏吊顶非结构系统失效机理与风险评估研究的现状；立足于研究的必要性与紧迫性，本项目采取理论分析、数值模拟、试验研究的方法，分别进行考虑屋面的非结构系统静力加载试验、静力稳定性分析、抗震性能分析，考虑悬吊设备的抗震性能分析，管道系统承载力试验；获得如下成果：（1）试验分析了屋面系统对单层网壳子结构模型静力稳定性的影响，建立了考虑屋面系统网壳子结构模型的有限元分析方法；（2）发现屋面系统对网壳结构静力稳定性有比较显著的影响，屋面系统会改变网壳结构失效模式，在网壳结构的设计与分析中需要考虑屋面系统的影响，且初始缺陷、立柱高度、屋面荷载对影响程度均有影响；（3）发现了屋面系统对网壳结构整体抗震承载能力的影响规律，并分析了焊接檩条屋面系统与螺栓檩条屋面系统对网壳承载力的不同影响规律；（4）研究发现悬挂设备对网壳整体抗震承载能力的影响，分析获取了刚性连接与柔性连接两种连接方式对网壳结构整体抗震能力的影响规律；（5）获取了不同节点形式的承载力，并分析对管道抗震能力的影响，通过对多批次节点模型单向拉伸、单向轴压、滞回加载三种加载方式试验，研究了管道连接节点的轴向承载力，试验获取了试件的抗拉极限荷载、抗压极限荷载及往复循环荷载下的耗能能力，并以此为依据分析了考虑管道系统的网架抗震性能。