青藏高原南迦巴瓦地区滑坡对构造地貌演化的响应研究

The Namcha Barwa region, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most tectonic active and fastest uplifting regions on earth. Under the coupling effect of endogenic and exogenic geological processes, the landslide disasters are extremely developed, which has seriously restricted the planning and construction of highway, railway and hydropower project in this region. For the regional, special and complex characteristics of the landslide development in Namcha Barwa region, this project focuses on the response of landslide development to tectono-geomorphic evolution. Based on the analysis of the rapid uplifting and erosion background in this region, the relationships between landslide development and topography, tectonic activity, river erosion as well as lithology will be analyzed to reveal the essential characteristic of landslide development in Namcha Barwa region. Using landslide cataloging, mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis, landslide hazard spatial prediction method will be established based on the theory of tectono-geomorphic evolution. In addition, the section of Yarlung Zangbo River from Zhibai to Zhaqu will be taken as a representative region for validation and analysis. The results achieved by this project will facilitate the planning and site selection of major projects as well as the disaster prevention and reduction in rapid uplift-erosion Alpine Gorge area.

位于青藏高原东南部的南迦巴瓦地区是世界上隆升最快和地貌演化最显著的区域之一。在内外动力耦合作用下，该区滑坡灾害极为发育，严重制约着区内公路、铁路和水电工程的规划建设。本项目针对南迦巴瓦地区滑坡孕育的地域性、特殊性和复杂性，在该区快速隆升-剥蚀动力地质背景分析的基础上，以滑坡对构造地貌演化的响应为切入点，剖析滑坡形成与地形地貌、构造活动、河流侵蚀和岩性的互馈关系，揭示南迦巴瓦地区滑坡发育的本质特征；采用滑坡编目、数理统计和GIS空间分析等方法，建立基于构造地貌演化的滑坡空间预测模型，并选取雅鲁藏布江直白-扎曲河段进行实证研究。本项目研究成果可为快速隆升-剥蚀高山峡谷区的重大工程规划和防灾减灾提供科学依据。

南迦巴瓦地区位于青藏高原东南部，是印度洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲、楔入的最前缘，是现今地球上构造活动最为强烈、地貌演化最为迅速的地区之一。在内外动力耦合作用下，研究区地质灾害极其发育。针对研究区特殊的地质环境特点，本项目以雅鲁藏布江缝合带脚不弄巨型古滑坡为例，剖析了滑坡形成演化过程，揭示了脚不弄滑坡对构造地貌演化的响应，并结合离散元方法再现了其运动过程；在研究区滑坡编目基础上，分析河流侵蚀、地形、岩性、构造活动与滑坡分布的关系，揭示研究区滑坡分布特征，并建立适用于研究区的滑坡易发性和危险性评价的技术方法体系，为研究区工程的规划建设和防灾减灾提供科学依据。