镁基层状吸附增溶材料的结构构筑与性能研究

This project bases on the important needs of effective utilization of the saline lake magnesium resource in our country,and overcoming the problem of treating a variety of organic pollutants containing wastewater with high pollution,difficult to resource.The aim is to study the structure construction and adsolubilization properties of Mg based laminated materials.For understanding the principles of structure design,fine controll of the structure and assembly, nano effects and the strengthening of function for Mg based laminated adsolubilization materials, we will detailed investigate the constrction of interlayer three-dimensional hydrophobic phase structure, controllable assembly methods and preparation technologies, essential relationship between special nano effects that result from the intercalated structure and strengthening of adsolubilization property, and the process of adsolubilization of the materials. Through these basic and applied basic research, we will develop a new type of Mg based laminated adsolubilization materials.And, the development of this type of materials will provides a theoretical basis for high value utilization of massive magnesium resource and the sustainable growth for our country. On this basis, we can make some key technology breakthroughs, and bring about the structure innovation for adsolubilization materials that are used in coking and petrochemical wastewater treatment.At the same time, with the processing technology research, some new materials and efficient method can be provided to alleviate the serious problem of water pollution.

本项目基于盐湖镁资源有效利用国家重大需求，面向含多种有机污染物废水高污染、难资源化的问题，拟进行镁基层状吸附增溶材料的结构构筑与性能研究。围绕镁基层状吸附增溶材料的结构设计原理、精细调控和组装、纳米效应与功能强化等关键科学问题，具体进行该吸附增溶材料的层间三维疏水相结构构筑、可控组装方法和制备技术、插层结构导致的特殊纳米效应与吸附增溶性能强化的本质联系和吸附增溶过程研究。通过开展基础和应用基础研究，开发新型镁基层状吸附增溶材料，为我国优势镁资源的高值利用和可持续发展奠定理论基础。在此基础上,突破关键技术，实现用于处理焦化和石化废水的吸附增溶材料的结构创新，开展工艺研究，为缓解严峻的水环境污染问题提供高效的新材料和方法。

本项目针对青海柴达木盐湖丰富镁资源的高值利用，进行了镁基层状双金属复合氢氧化物（Mg-LDHs）吸附增溶材料的结构设计，提出构筑Mg-LDHs材料层间三维疏水相结构的理论设计原则，进行了Mg-LDHs的组装研究，实现了Mg-LDHs吸附增溶材料的可控制备，掌握了Mg-LDHs吸附增溶材料的组装规律。主要研究了采用天然易得、廉价的植酸、木质素和萘磺酸等有机阴离子插层的Mg-LDHs的可控组装方法。基于层间三维疏水相结构，该类材料通过吸附增溶作用脱除水体和土壤中的吡啶、呋喃、噻吩、吡咯和三氯苯酚等多种有机物，处理时间短、处理效果好、吸附容量大、可循环使用。基于层间有机物对金属离子的络合作用、Mg-LDHs的低的溶解性能，该类材料能选择性吸附水体和土壤中的有毒有害重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+、Cr3+等，同时，研究了植酸根插层MgAl-LDH对Pb2+、Co2+，Pr3+和Ce3+的选择吸附性能，可用于稀土金属元素Pr3+和Ce3+的富集与提纯。利用Mg-LDHs吸附材料的高比表面与层间三维疏水相结构特征和络合效应，有效提高该类材料的吸附和吸附增溶功能的同时,开发了处理不同污染物污染的水体和土壤的救治和修复方法和工艺。本项目的推广，将有效解决盐湖资源可持续开采与镁资源的平衡利用以及支撑国家钢铁、煤炭、化工等支柱产业的各种工业含无机和有机污染物废水的资源化关键问题。