综放开采覆层形成及安全开采

Certain safe structure of overlying stratum is seriously puzzles to restrict safe mining in steep-heavy thickness coal seams. There exists the excess of thirty layers steep inclined coal seams employment of Shenhua Xinjiang Coal Region, where the exploitation of thickness and distance are variable, their dip angle is from 45° to 87° and environmental complex.The safe mining pivotal is to certain safe structure of overlying stratum and technical matching during mechanized top-coal caving. The aims of the research is to the mechanism of overlying stratum formative of fully mechanized caving and safe mining. Above all,applying to several advanced monitoring methods and identification of the multi-index relating of various space and layer,such as deformation,stress,acoustic emission(AE),micro-seism(MS),ground penetrating Radar(GPR),optical scanning and borehole camera,etc.,the characteristics of structural and strength damage have been analyzed for steep inclined coal-rock.Then, it is indicated that the broken mechanism of the top coal and its mechanics properties or kinematic regularity of top coal and various nubby gangue consisting overlying stratum,and the rockmass control theory would have formed for high efficiency fully mechanized top coal caving,according as a large-scale three-dimensional physical resemble simulation, numerical model computation,adjustment and control field mining parameters. Moreover,we will probe deeply into the safe structure and its certain height of overlying stratum to prevent underground debris flow,and the roof hazard prediction system will be researched and developed for mechanized top coal caving. Ultimately,the methodology and appropriate theory will be formed for mechanized caving,consisting safe overlying stratum structure settling for six functions,such as,the rockburst preventing, the extrusion blast and caving condition forming, the water backing,the air-leak decreasing, debris flow defending and the environment protecting,so as to control multiplex hazards successfully.The reasonable theoretic proof would provide for the seams-like heavy thickness coal seams safe mining.

综放开采覆层安全结构合理确定是制约急倾斜特厚煤层安全开采难题。神新矿区赋存30多层厚度与层间距不同急倾斜(45°~87°)煤层。综放开采覆层结构和工艺匹配是安全开采关键。本研究以急倾斜煤层综放覆层结构形成机制和安全开采为目标，基于变形、应力、声发射、微震、地质雷达、光学扫描和钻孔摄像等不同空间层位多元指标信息辨识，揭示覆层结构和煤岩体结构与强度损伤演化特性；通过大型三维物理模拟、数值计算和现场开采参数动态调控，研究顶煤破碎机理、散体顶煤运动规律、顶煤与矸石覆层不同块度结构力学特性和移动规律和高效综放开采的围岩控制基础理论；探索预防井下泥石流的覆层安全结构及其合理厚度；开发综放开采顶板灾害预测预警系统；建立满足覆层六大功能(防冲击地压、形成挤压爆破与放煤条件、滞水、减少漏风、预防泥石流和环保)、控制复合连锁型灾害的安全结构及其形成技术，形成综放安全开采方法与理论，这为类似煤层安全开采提供理论

项目以急倾斜煤层综放覆层结构形成机制和安全开采为目标，基于变形、应力、声发射、微震、地质雷达、光学扫描和钻孔摄像等不同空间层位多元指标信息辨识，揭示覆层结构和煤岩体结构与强度损伤演化特性；通过大型三维物理模拟、数值计算和现场开采参数动态调控，研究顶煤破碎机理、散体顶煤运动规律、顶煤与矸石覆层不同块度结构力学特性和移动规律和高效综放开采的围岩控制基础理论；探索预防井下泥石流的覆层安全结构及其合理厚度；开发综放开采顶板灾害预测预警系统；形成综放安全开采方法与理论，这为类似煤层安全开采提供理论。通过对本项目的研究，将研究工作和成果与现场工程实际相结合，在神华新疆能源有限责任公司的多个矿井开展了深部煤岩体动力灾害防治、急倾斜特厚煤层安全高效开采关键技术、45°煤层工作面顶板处理与矿压防治成套技术等现场试验工作。利用自主二次研发的钻孔电视、地质雷达、声发射、微震等监测设备，在乌东煤矿、碱沟煤矿、大南湖一矿等研究了开采过程中动力灾害的预测与防治措施，得到了采动空间煤岩体动力灾害演化机理。经济效益从理论和实践上解决困扰综采工作面的压力显现、压力集中等问题。消除冲击地压对综采工作面安全生产带来的隐患，保证综采回采过程中的安全，同时，摸索一套适合急倾斜特厚煤层群大段高综放开采的矿压防治体系与方法。四年来，发表与本项目研究相关学术论文50篇，其中SCI收录5篇、EI收录25篇；出版学术专著2部；申获发明专利9项、实用新型专利14项，软件著作权1项。项目研究期间，获省部级科技进步一等奖2项、二等奖5项。项目研究期间，项目负责人来兴平先后入选教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授、科技部创新人才推进计划中青年科技创新领军人才、人社部百千万人才工程国家级人才等。项目培养青年科技人才3名，培养博士研究生5名，硕士研究生21名。项目组成员参加国内外学术会议19人次，特邀报告2次；组织学术会议1次。