Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian has a unique continental monsoon climate of low-temperature and approximate oceanity, has formed typical dark brow forest soil (Boric Argosols). It dots a lot of apple-pear orchards that produces apple-pear as one of "China geographic indication products". Due to unique climate conditions and pear varieties, and through long-term freezing and thawing process, it is different from other domestic orchard ecological system. Soil organic phosphorus is an important component of soil phosphorus, its forms and its changes are vital to supply ability of soil phosphorus and ensure phosphorus nutrition of plant.Aiming at apple-pear orchards in Yanbian region(the largest in Asia), this project will collect soil samples according to different soil layers, seasons, and cultivation years, and indoor simulation of freeze-thaw alternation, determine organic phosphorus fractions with improved Bowman-Cole method, identify organophosphorus compounds with nuclear magnetic resonance technology, clarify spatial variations laws of organic phosphorus fractions and organophosphorus compounds, evolution trend of organic phosphorus fractions and organophosphorus compounds with season and planting years, interpret effects of freezing and thawing on transformation of soil organic phosphorus, relate distribution of organic phosphorus in soil aggregate, analysis relationship between organophosphorus compounds and organic phosphorus fractions. Project results will contribute to compensate research shortage of organic phosphorus of orchard in North China, comprehensively understand soil organic phosphorus cycle of orchard in China.
延边朝鲜族自治州具有独特的低温近似海洋性大陆季风气候,形成了典型暗棕壤(冷凉淋溶土),其上星罗棋布大量苹果梨园,所产苹果梨为"中国地理标志"产品之一,由于气候条件的独特性和梨品种的特有性,且经历长期冻融过程,有别于国内其它地方的果园生态系统。土壤有机磷是土壤磷的重要组成部分,其形态和变化对土壤供磷能力和保障植物磷素营养举足轻重。本项目针对延边地区苹果梨园(亚洲最大)土壤,按不同土层、季节、栽培年限分别采集土样,并进行冻融交替室内模拟,采用改进的Bowman-Cole法测定土壤有机磷组分,核磁共振技术鉴定有机磷化合物,阐明土体空间有机磷组分和化合物的分异规律,随季节和栽植年限有机磷组分和化合物的演化趋势,诠释冻融过程对土壤有机磷转化的影响,联系有机磷在团聚体中的分配,分析有机磷化合物与磷组分的关系。项目结果将有助于弥补北方果园有机磷研究的不足,为全面认识我国果园土壤有机磷循环做出积极贡献。
有关果园土壤有机磷报道不多,针对苹果梨园土壤有机磷时空变化及在团聚体中分布研究还未见报道。本项目采用改进Bowman-Cole法和31P-NMR核磁共振波谱法研究延边地区苹果梨园土壤,结果表明:有机磷组分随土层加深含量下降,最大比例组分为中活性有机磷(MLOP)。在表层,随栽植年限增加,活性有机磷(LOP)占总提取有机磷比例呈减少趋势。在中部土层,随栽植年限增加,中稳性有机磷(MSOP)有向MLOP转化趋势。底部土层除了MSOP小部分向MLOP转化,还有老化为高稳性有机磷(HSOP)趋势。夏季与春季相比,11年和63年果园有机磷组分含量减少,25年和50年果园含量增加;秋季与夏季相比,40年、50年及63年果园含量下降,11年和25年果园含量上升。随季节变化,磷酸单酯(Mono-P)绝对含量呈“V”字形,夏季最低;A1-AB层焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P)与Mono-P规律相同,B层Pyro-P规律不明显;A1和A2层磷酸二酯(Di-P)基本只在春秋季能检测到,AB和B层未检测到。季节性冻融对MSOP影响最大,土壤初始含水率影响为第一影响因素,冻融循环次数次之,冻结温度影响最小,但冻融循环次数和冻结温度相差不大。经过季节性冻融后,正磷酸盐(Ortho-P)、Mono-P、Di-P和Pyro-P绝对含量都不同程度地增加。果树栽植有利于0.25-10 mm团聚体形成,栽植时间越长形成0.25-10 mm团聚体越多,且青年(栽植25年)果园趋向于形成较小粒级团聚体,青年和壮年(栽植40年)团聚体结构更加复杂,积累的有机磷较多。果园下层土壤有机磷比上层易于在较大粒级中赋存。在1-0.5 mm、0.5-0.25 mm和<0.25 mm粒级中有机磷组分含量随着粒径减小而增大,而赋存量随粒径减小而减小,且差异显著。在0-40 cm,Ortho-P、Mono-P、Di-P和Pyro-P绝对含量在<0.5 mm粒级含量较高,在40-60 cm土层为2-1 mm粒级;但相对含量,在0-40 cm较高却是>5 mm的大粒级中,40-60 cm规律不明显。提取的LOP和MLOP主要来自Mono-P的分解产物;提取的MSOP主要来自Mono-P;提取的HSOP主要来自Di-P及Mono-P的间接效应。研究结果填补了北方果园土壤有机磷研究。发表论文8篇,培养硕士5名,参加11次学术会议。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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