面向无线传感网供电的高效大动态范围整流天线研究

With the development of IoT technology, the long-term serving of the nodes has faced severe challenge. Microwave Power Transmission (MPT) is an effective approach to wirelessly power the nodes due to its advantages of long transmitting distance, high flexibility and single-TX-multi-RX feature. Rectenna is the key component in a MPT system. In the current research, the rectenna can only operate efficiently in a narrow dynamic range of input power. Especially, the power conversion efficiency of the rectenna is low when operating at ultra-low input power. To overcome these problems, this project aims at doing research on rectennas with high efficiency in wide input power dynamic range. The content of this projects includes: 1. Design method of the dual-branch rectifier with different structure based on impedance compression network; 2. Enhance the efficiency of the rectenna when operating at low input power via transmitting waveform optimization, 3. High gain receiving antenna with smaller size and all-polarization, 4. Co-optimization method of rectifier and antenna with high reliability and low insertion loss. The applicant has previous research experience of the above content. He published 4 IEEE journal papers, 4 EI recorded papers and 11 patents. He had carried a detailed analysis of the research plan and roadmap and had run several simulation, which primarily verifies the effectiveness of the plans. The research carried in this project will make the rectenna efficiently function in different location in an actual MPT application.

随着万物互联时代的到来，无线传感节点的长时间续航能力面临严峻挑战。微波无线输能因输能距离远、位置灵活、单发多收等特性，成为对广覆盖节点群进行能源补给的有效手段。作为微波输能系统的关键部件，目前的整流天线只能在较窄输入功率范围内实现高效率，特别在低功率输入下效率较差。针对该问题，本项目拟开展高效宽动态范围的整流天线研究，具体内容如下：(1)研究基于复阻抗压缩网络的双路异构整流电路设计方法，扩宽输入功率动态范围;(2)基于发射波形调制，探索提升整流电路在低输入功率时整流效率的方法;(3)基于辐射模式调控，研究全极化接收的电小惠更斯源天线，提升天线接收能力;(4)探索高精度快收敛的整流电路与天线联合迭代协同优化方法。以上研究内容申请人具备相关基础，发表IEEE期刊论文4篇，EI论文4篇，申请专利11件，并初步验证研究方案的可行性。本项目的实施有助于传感节点在输入功率波动剧烈的场景中高效稳定工作。

无线传感网作为物联网和工业互联网的基本载体，已逐渐在诸多场景中普及应用。在传感网中，负责感知和传输信息的传感节点既要求小型化易集成，又要求长时间工作，使其能源续航存在重大挑战。本项目研究一种远距离微波无线传能技术，进一步聚焦到与节点集成的高效率大动态范围整流天线，可收集环境存在或者能量源传输的微波能量，转化为直流电，供给传感节点使用，对比传统更换电池、物理布线有巨大优势。本项目针对整流天线中动态范围窄，在实际波动的环境中工作稳定性差，在低输入功率下效率低下等瓶颈问题，开展大动态整流电路、大等效口径接收天线、高效低损耗整流天线协同优化方法等研究。.项目研究周期为3年，结题时全部研究计划均完成，形成SCI/EI论文10篇(计划>8篇)，其中IEEE Trans.论文7篇(计划>3篇)，申请专利7件(计划>4件)，先后培养硕博士生7名(计划2-3名)，成果指标全面满足、部分超出预期指标。提出了宽功率动态范围、宽频宽功率整流电路系列设计方法，类惠更斯源、增益提升等增大天线等效接收口径的方法，形成了同时对频率、功率、负载、极化特性动态范围拓展的整流天线，并基于以上设计形成了“智能家居节点供电”和“移动基站能量收集”两个应用验证，获得了国家级创新创业大赛奖项2项。