转录组比较分析揭示蝗总科昆虫对青藏高原极端环境的适应机制

Transcriptome is made up of the subset of genes active in a selected tissue and species, including all the inside the cell transcription product (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and nRNA). Informed research showed that 60% of the adaptive loci located in protein coding regions, while 40% of the adaptive loci in gene regulation, transcriptome mainly focus on new gene discovery, functional identification, gene expression profiling, genetic diversity and adaptive evolution and so on. The unique natural geographical conditions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau formed its unique biodiversity, such as there are a large number of endemic grasshopper species which lose the flight ability. Well then, transcriptome should be faced with what kinds of natural selection pressure and how adapt and evolve? What is the mechanism of locust's adaptation to the extreme environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau?. In this study, we focus on transcriptome sequencing of endemic species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially wing developed grasshoppers which can fly and apterous or retrogression of wings grasshoppers which lose flight ability, based on comparative analysis of transcriptome among those species and with the other grasshoppers which distribute in plain, by using the principle and methods of Molecular biology and bioinformatics, to open out the characters of the complete nucleotide sequences of transcriptome of the key and endemic species and discuss molecular mechanism of adaptability evolution of grasshopper from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it has important significance of original science innovation and science value.

转录组(transcriptome)是特定细胞在某一功能状态下全部转录本的总和，包括了细胞内所有的转录产物（mRNA，rRNA，tRNA及nRNA的集合）。研究发现60%的适应性位点位于蛋白质编码区，另40%位于基因的调控区，转录组学专注于基因发掘、功能鉴定、遗传多样性及适应性进化等方面的研究；青藏高原独特的自然地理条件形成了其独特的生物多样性，如分布大量丧失飞翔能力（无翅或翅退化）的蝗虫种类，那么，其转录组又面临着怎样的选择压力、如何适应进化呢？蝗虫对青藏高原极端环境适应的机制是什么呢？.本项目选择青藏高原具飞翔能力和丧失飞翔能力的特有种类，进行转录组测定，结合平原分布蝗虫种类的转录组数据开展比较分析，运用分子生物学和生物信息学原理和方法，揭示青藏高原蝗虫特有种转录组特征及其适应性进化，进一步从分子水平上探讨青藏高原蝗虫适应性进化的分子机理，具有重要的原始创新意义和科学意义。

本项目选择青藏高原蝗虫特有种，特别是翅发达具飞翔能力和无翅、翅退化丧失飞翔能力.的种类，进行转录组测定，结合平原分布蝗虫种类的转录组数据开展比较分析，运用分子生物学和生物信息学原理和方法，揭示青藏高原蝗虫特有种转录组特征及其适应性进化，进一步从分子水平上探讨青藏高原蝗虫适应性进化的分子机理，具有重要的原始创新意义和科学价值。. 本项目测定了蝗总科昆虫20物种的转录组序列，其中青藏高原特有8物种的转录组序列，将测序所获得的转录组数据进行序列拼接、组装和注释，进行CDS预测、特征分析、功能分类和代谢途径的预测；基于转录组数据库筛选并鉴定与蝗虫翅发育相关的 TGF-β 信号通路的关键基因，以飞蝗Locusta migratoria作为研究材料，分析关键基因结构及时空表达；采用 TGF-β 信号通路 I 型受体抑制剂、RNAi及转录组比较分析探究了 TGF-β 信号通路关键基因在飞蝗翅生长发育中的功能及分子机制；利用分子生物学、谱系地理学的原理和方法，研究白边痂蝗 Bryodema luctuosum luctuosumt种群遗传结构，分布格局及其演化，以期揭示该物种的分布格局及形成机制。本项目发表SCI收录学术论文15篇，培养研究生共17名。.