光磁双功能核壳型介孔氧化硅复合纳米材料的制备及药物输送性能研究

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed by releasing drugs with accurate dosage and convenient administration. With respect to bioimaging, targeting and controlling release in DSS, fluorescent-magnetic nanocomposites based on mesoporous silica (MS) with core-shell structures consisting of different functional materials are excellent candidates as vehicles for DDS. Here, the monodispersed rare-earth doped nanophosphors (MREDN) acting as fluorescent probes are encapsulated with the nontoxic neutral surfactants. The MS shells with tailored mesoporous structures can be generated through the self-assembly of neutral surfactants to accomplish the loading of drugs. The MREDN@MS nanocomposites are capped with magnetic nanoparticles (MN) via the linkers for targeting and controlling-release delivery. The drug loading and release performances of different nanocomposites will be compared, and the biocompatibility of the nanocomposites with superior performance will be evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assays. The self-assembly behaviors of neutral surfactants to form the mesoporous shells with suitable structures for individual drug will be discussed, and the principles of core-shell interface reactions with different materials to tailor the well-defined multifunctional mesoporous compounds will be studied. Development of such multifunctional systems can provide more opportunities for on-demand therapy and pave the road toward personalized medical applications.

针对理想的药物输送载体(DDS)，本项目拟将介孔氧化硅(MS)与功能材料复合形成光磁响应的核壳结构纳米粒子，以其为载体实现药物跟踪监测和靶向、控释给药。本项目拟以单分散的稀土纳米粒子为荧光探针，使无毒的非离子表面活性剂在其表面进行自组装形成软模板，获得孔径及孔容大小可控的介孔氧化硅以便药物输送；采用连接剂将磁性纳米粒子(MN)复合到介孔氧化硅表面获得光磁双功能的复合纳米粒子以便靶向给药和控释给药。不同阶段制备的纳米复合材料进行药物输送研究，性能优越者进行细胞毒性研究评价其生物相容性，筛选出理想的药物载体。本项目预期揭示非离子表面活性剂在稀土纳米粒子表面的自组装规律，构建适合不同药物的介孔结构；探索物质间的界面作用规律，精确控制不同功能材料的复合，为多功能药物载体的可控剪裁提供科学依据。

针对理想的药物输送载体和材料的轻量化发展，本项目主要进行了光磁双功能无机药物载体和热缩聚酰亚胺两个方面的工作。无机药物载体研究分为几个步骤，首先制备出生物相容的羟基磷灰石纳米晶、稀土离子掺杂的荧光纳米粒子以及磁性纳米粒子,然后以非离子表面活性剂为模板剂制备氨基功能化的介孔氧化硅(MS)壳层。最后采用连接剂将氨基功能化磁性纳米粒子复合到MS表面获得光磁双功能的复合纳米粒子，以其为载体实现药物跟踪监测和靶向、控释给药。研究不同阶段纳米复合材料的药物输送性能，筛选出优异的药物载体，为多功能药物载体的研究与应用提供科学依据。此外，还在国际上首次制备出耐极端高低温的聚酰亚胺刚性热缩管、兼具透明性和形状记忆效应的透明热缩聚酰亚胺、以及循环使用一千多次后依然保持优异形状记忆性能的长寿命热缩聚酰亚胺等。本项目丰富和发展了形状记忆聚合物和透明聚酰亚胺的基本理论，将进一步促进热缩材料的深入发展和应用。