阔叶红松林生产力动态及分异规律研究

Ecosystem productivity process model is one of the hotspot problems in ecology nowadays. The study aimed at the hotspot, and tried to explore it in method and application..The study constituted an ecosystem productivity model at patch scale to describe water cycle and carbon cycle basing on available data, theories, vegetation parameters and famous models. Based on the methods in forest ecology and landscape ecology, multi-layer dataset and hierarchy theory, applying appropriate methods such as model nesting and direct extrapolation, in virtue of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), the model was scaled up from patch scale to landscape scale called as EPPML..As a case study of Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve in northeast China, the study expounded and analyzed systematically the results of simulation and made primary validation. The main researches included seasonal dynamic and spatial distribution of carbon cycle and water cycle variables for different vegetation types at landscape scale; annual total net primary productivity (NPP), carbon balance and water balance over the landscape; primary discussion on the formation of productivity from environmental and vegetation factors..Through research, main conclusions were as follows:.(1) To sum up, not only did the results of simulation agree with routines in the relative comparisons between different vegetation belts and climatic belts over the landscape, but also was exact in the absolute comparison with very disperse data from field measurements..(2) The seasonal dynamic of NPP was dominated by environmental and vegetation factors, presenting obvious single peak form, and reaching pinnacle in July..(3) The simulated mean NPP for all vegetation types in Changbai Mountain was 0.680kgC/m2/a, mainly varying between 0.105 and 1.241kgC/m2/a (82.1%). NPP for mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest was maximal (1.084kgC/m2/a). For mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest and spruce-fir forest, the simulated NPP agreed with the data from field measurements very good, and the relative error did not exceed 0.073. The area and productivity of the two stands are maximal in Changbai Mountain, therefore, the results of simulation for the two stands most greatly affect those for the entire landscape, and the veracity of the former decides the security of the latter..(4) Environmental condition decided main trend of the spatial distribution of NPP in Changbai Mountain. Soil water content most greatly limited NPP, presenting negative correlation, and correlation coefficient (R) is -0.65. It indicated that soil water was very enough for plant growth in the area. NPP was strongly correlated with transpiration (R = 0.77). Also NPP was highly correlated with leaf area index (LAI) (R = 0.81), however, NPP was not always linearly related to LAI. When LAI was greater than 4~5m2/m2, NPP became saturated, i.e. there exited the maximal LAI..(5) For the entire natural reserve, annual NPP was 1.332MtC/a. Annual NPP for mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest and spruce-fir forest were maximal, 0.540MtC/a和0.428MtC/a respectively. .(6) Vegetation in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve had obvious carbon pool function, mainly exhibiting in the increasing of biomass, about 1.058MtC. Biomass for mixed broad-leaved and Korean pine forest and spruce-fir forest increased most greatly, 0.452MtC and 0.339MtC respectively. It indicated that the two stands played important roles in the carbon pool in Changbai Mountain. Soil organic mater decomposed 0.169MtC more than litterfall. Soil could sluice 6.248 hundred million cubic meters (except belowground runoff), i.e. 3210.292 cubic meters per hectare. The soil sluice of spruce-fir forest and broad-leaved forest were maximal, 2.449 and 1.057 hundred million cubic meters respectively..

利用TM数据提取研究区域的叶面积指数,以叶面积指数为驱动变量,在地理信息系统技术的支持下,将阔叶红松林斑块尺度生产力的研究成果向景观尺度外推;在景观尺度上研究阔叶红松林生产力随时间的动态变化规律和空间上的分异规律及其成因;探讨景观尺度上阔叶红松林稳定高产机制，为阔叶红松林经营提供新的理论和对策。此项研究具有重要意义。.