强激光辐照下碳纤维复合材料的破坏机理与耦合效应研究

The project focuses on the damage mechanisms and coupling effects of carbon fiber-reinforced composites, which are widely adopted in UVA, when subjected to high power laser irradiation. Systemic researches on ablation behaviors and mechanisms, shock damage effects and mechanisms, and failure mechanisms under thermal-mechanical loadings, when carbon fiber-reinforced composites are irradiated by intensive laser, will be carried out. Correspondingly, the thermal-fluid-solid coupling analysis method, which is to characterize the interaction behavior among high power laser, carbon fiber-reinforced composites and fluid field, will be developed. The controlling non-dimensional parameters and similarity criteria of damage behavior will be obtained based on dimensional analysis and theoretical modeling. In addition, experimental methods and diagnostic techniques of laser damage, which is carried out by the combination of solid-state laser and wind tunnel, will be developed. Subsequently, damage mechanisms, failure criteria and damage thresholds of carbon fiber-reinforced composites in the cases of various laser parameters and flow conditions are acquired. The academic significance of the present project is promoting the progress of fluid-thermal-solid coupling problems, which include the chemical reactions and physical changes, and enriching the connotation of laser-matter interaction, which is a cutting-edge research area. On the other hand, the engineering contributions lie on the providing the quantitative analysis and evaluation methods, which are aimed to UVA countered by intense laser beam, and gaining the technological approaches of effective damage.

本项目针对无人机上普遍采用的碳纤维复合材料结构，开展强激光辐照下的破坏机理与流热固耦合效应研究。通过对激光辐照下碳纤维复合材料烧蚀机理研究、冲击破坏效应研究、热-力载荷下失效机理研究，发展能够反映强激光、碳纤维复合材料、绕流流场耦合作用的流热固耦合数值计算方法，获取破坏效应的主控参量、尺度律和相似准则，掌握固体激光器与风洞联合的激光破坏实验方法与测试技术，获取不同激光参数条件与来流条件下的碳纤维复合材料的破坏机理、失效判据与破坏阈值。本项目的学科意义在于促进包含化学、物理过程的流热固耦合问题的进展，丰富激光与物质相互作用这一前沿领域的内涵；工程意义在于为强激光束反制无人机提供定量化的分析方法与评估手段，获取实现高效毁伤的技术途径。

本项目以激光反制无人机为研究背景，开展了激光对碳纤维复合材料多场耦合破方面的研究。在新的分析模型与模拟方法、新的毁伤现象与作用机制、新的实验方法与测量技术等三大方面取得了创新性的突出成果，对激光诱导的热力效应的基础研究和工程应用具有重要意义。主要表现在以下几个方面：.1、建立了含烧蚀多尺度本构模型与热力失效准则，获得了热解动力学参数、热物及力学性能参数，结合渐进损伤模型获得了含温升、温升速率的破坏强度，模型预报与实验结果吻合良好；建立多层材料热响应分析模型，得到了瞬态温度场解析解及热力响应。.2、建立了激光诱导的热力损伤分析模型与含烧蚀的流-热-固耦合数值计算方法，引入内聚力模型及热阻模型表征脱层与热解的影响；分别建立了热解、氧化、相变和机械剥蚀模型，考虑流场与结构的耦合，分析了烧蚀形貌演化对流动特性与传热特性的影响。.3、发现了激光破坏的环境敏感、缺陷敏感、体制敏感的特性，发现了超声速风洞烧蚀速率远大于静态及冷气流侧吹条件、高超来流与表面损伤耦合导致的力/热环境失稳恶化并加速破坏的现象、3种不同体制激光中长脉冲激光更有利于能量吸收与破坏的现象。.4、提出了两种新概念抗激光加固机制，采用高热导率涂层的疏导型抗激光技术以及采用填充烧蚀材料夹层板的吸收型抗激光技术，均获得了较好的抗激光加固效果。.5、建立了激光与超声速/高超声速风洞联合实验方法与多场测量技术，在国际上首次获得了高超声速风洞（Ma>5）条件下激光破坏效应实验数据；建立了短脉冲激光驱动的加载/加速实验手段，拓展了STF等新材料冲击、驱动颗粒冲击、空泡演化等方面的应用。