傣药竹叶兰“雅解（解毒）”药效物质基础及其神经保护作用

Arundina Graminifolia(AG) is also called as " Wen Shang Hai" or "Bai Yang Jie" whose name means antidotes for thousands poisons and diseases in Chinese Dai nationality. For Dai nationality, AG is historic and most distinctive "Ya jie (antidote)" that come down from generation to generation up to the present. It can relieve various kinds of poisons of food, drugs, bacteria, alcohol, snakes and other toxins, it is broad-spectrum antidotes with anti-aging effect. In our previous study, we have found 40 compounds with chemical structures of bibenzyl, phenanthrenequinone and phenolic acids. But which ingredient(s) and how these ingredient(s) acted as the "antidote "are still unknown, this research is still an unexplored field. In this project, we fully consider and respect the traditional way of Dai Minority applied "Ya Jie", which by grinding drugs into juice for further administrations. and simultaneously consider in vitro and in vivo way, Combined with conventional methods, "Caenorhabditis elegans" , a multicellular eukaryate was used as in vivo models for the fist time to investigate substances basis of "Ya Jie" for A.graminifolia in our project from three levels of "total extract" , "effective fraction"and "active compound(s)". Simultaneously, two plans for "prototype component(s)" directly act in vitro and in vivo, along with "active ingredient(s)"transformed by intestinal bacteria, absorbed, metabolic obtained in vivo, were designed to evaluate anti heavy metals and organic phosphorus, anti-bacterial, anti-free radical, anti-inflammatory activity of AG and effective subsatnce for "Ya Jie" from multi-dimensions in our project. All scientific work above was a pioneer research. Starting from the common and most severe neurotoxic hazard, neuroprotective mechanisms from the view of excitatory neurotoxicity and apoptosis were carried out. This project will provide a scientific basis of "cure before ill" for life postpone, which is the pharmacy concept of the Dai medicine for "Ya Jie". Our project will further promote scientific cognition and basic research for Minority Medicine of our nation.

竹叶兰傣名"文尚海、百样解"，为傣医历史悠久且流传至今的"雅解（解毒药）"，是可以解除食物、药物、菌、酒、蛇等各种毒素引起中毒的广谱解药。我们从竹叶兰中已经分离鉴定联苄、菲醌和酚酸类等40多种成分，但究竟哪些物质并如何发挥"解毒药"作用仍然无人涉足。本项目充分考虑和尊重傣医"雅解"磨药（磨汁使用）的传统用药方式，从总提取物、有效部位和活性成分三个层次，以"与毒物直接作用"和肠内菌转化、吸收、代谢所获"体内活性成分"两个角度，开创性以多细胞真核生物"秀丽线虫(C.elegans）"为活体模型，与常规方法有机结合，研究抗重金属、抗有机磷、抗自由基、抗炎、神经保护活性，多维地评判竹叶兰"雅解"物质基础。并从较广泛且危害较重的神经毒入手，从兴奋性神经毒、凋亡和神经营养因子合成分泌角度探索其神经保护机制。本研究将为傣医解药之"未病先解、先解后治"理论提供科学依据，深化对疗效确切的民族医药的科学认知。

竹叶兰傣名"文尚海、百样解"，为傣医历史悠久且流传至今的"雅解（解毒药）"，是可以解除食物、药物、菌、酒、蛇等各种毒素引起中毒的广谱解药，但究竟哪些物质并如何发挥"解毒药"作用仍然无人涉足。本项目充分考虑和尊重傣医"雅解"的传统用药方式，主要从化学和生物学角度，从总提取物、有效部位和活性成分三个层次，研究竹叶兰解毒、抗感染、抗重金属、抗有机磷、抗自由基等活性，多维地评判竹叶兰"雅解"物质基础，并在此基础上开展竹叶兰内生菌及其次生代谢产物的活性研究。本项目系统研究了竹叶兰乙醇提取物的化学成分，从竹叶兰中发现并丰富了结构较为新颖的一类化学结构，即茋类（二苯乙烯类）化合物的二级次生代谢产物，从竹叶兰的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离、鉴定了14个茋类化合物（开环型联卞和闭环型菲醌），包括blestriarene A(1)，shancidin(2)，densiflorol B(3)，ephemeranthoquinone(4)，coelonin(5)，lusianthridin(6)，isoshancidin(7)， arundinan(8)，orchinol(9)，batatasin III(10)，deoxybatatasin III(11)，arundinin（12），resorcinol（13） 和 arundigramin（14）。化合物blestriarene A(1)具新颖的联菲骨架茋类化合物，为首次从该植物和乃至竹叶兰属中分离得到。 竹叶兰不同极性溶剂萃取部位和乙酸乙酯萃取部位中的茋类（开环型联卞和闭环型菲醌）化合物进行了抗内毒素、抗细菌外毒素、抗菌的活性测试。化合物blestriarene A对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均显示出显著的抑制作用，MIC值为20-40 μg/mL，MBC值为40-320μg/mL。blestriarene A可以使大肠杆菌细胞壁破裂，导致细菌内容物外流，从而起到抑菌和杀菌作用，由此明确blestriarene A为竹叶兰清热、解毒的物质基础。本研究将为傣医解药之"未病先解、先解后治"理论提供科学依据，深化对疗效确切的民族医药的科学认知。