高效检测挥发性醛的反蛋白石光子晶体薄膜荧光传感器

It is urgently necessary to detect volatile aldehydes accurately and quickly due to their toxicity and carcinogenesis. However, the present methods cannot simultaneously satisfy the demand of the detection with high sensitivity, selectivity and quickness. This work will construct an inverse opal photonic crystal (PC) film fluorescence sensor with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and quick response for the detection of volatile aldehydes by infiltrating/modifying functional organic molecules into the voids of the PC. The employed organic molecules can react with volatile aldehydes to obtain fluorescent derivatives. The details are: 1) the generated fluorescence will be enhanced by slow-photon effect and the detection sensitivity will be increased when the PC's stopband blue edge is overlapped with the fluorescence wavelength; 2) the detection selectivity will also be improved by designing and synthesizing the organic molecules with highly selective interaction to volatile aldehydes; 3) the three dimensional macroporous structure of the inverse opal is beneficial for the vapors' diffusion and adsorption on the porous wall, therefore, the response will be accelerated. The highly effective detection of volatile aldehydes will be realized by the multi-synergistic effect based on the fluorescence enhancement, the specific selectivity of functional organic molecules, and porous structures of the inverse opal. It is hopeful to fabricate a fluorescence enhancement photonic crystal film sensor for detecting volatile aldehydes, which combines high sensitivity (the limit of detection is 1 ppb), excellent selectivity (specificity), and quick response (< 1 min) into one. It provides some suggestions for designing and developing new film fluorescence sensors.

因挥发性醛的毒性及致癌作用，迫切需要对其进行准确快速检测。而目前的检测手段尚不能达到高灵敏、高选择性、快速的高度统一。本项目拟在反蛋白石光子晶体孔缝隙填充/修饰与挥发性醛作用生成荧光产物的功能有机分子，构筑灵敏度高、选择性好、快速响应的检测挥发性醛的反蛋白石光子晶体薄膜荧光传感器。具体思路为：1)通过选择光子禁带蓝带边与荧光波长相重叠的光子晶体，利用其慢光子效应增强产生的荧光，提高检测灵敏度；2)设计合成与挥发性醛具有高度专一作用的有机分子，提高检测的选择性；3)利用反蛋白石三维大孔结构有利于气体扩散及在孔壁的吸附，提高响应速度。在荧光增强、专一选择及多孔结构特性等多重协同作用下，实现对挥发性醛的高效检测。本项目有望制备集高灵敏(检测限1ppb)、高选择性(专一选择)、快速响应(<1min)于一体的检测挥发性醛的光子晶体薄膜荧光传感器，为设计和开发新型薄膜荧光传感器提供思路。

甲醛、乙醛等挥发性醛作为重要的化工原料，广泛的应用于室内装潢、化学合成、医药应用等，会导致严重的空气污染和各种疾病。传统的检测方法通常需要专门的仪器设备、复杂的样品制备以及训练有素的工作人员，且大多数方法只能实现单一应用检测。本项目在SiO2反蛋白石光子晶体孔隙中填充或修饰功能分子，利用光子晶体慢光子效应增强荧光的特性，设计合成与醛能够专一作用生成荧光产物的功能有机分子，同时结合反蛋白石光子晶体三维大孔结构及其高比表面积特性，构筑了集高灵敏、高选择性、快速响应于一体的检测挥发性醛的光子晶体薄膜荧光传感器。具体如下：. (1)构筑了快速、高灵敏、选择性且可循环利用的检测甲醛气体的Fluoral-p-SiO2反蛋白石光子晶体荧光传感器。20s即可响应，最低检测限0.008mg/m3。该传感器经乙醇洗涤后再次填充Fluoral-p，可回收再利用。. (2)设计合成了一种萘酰亚胺衍生物渗透的SiO2反蛋白石光子晶体，建立了一个对空气、水产品和活细胞中甲醛、乙醛的高效荧光传感多应用检测平台。检出限分别为10.6nM和7.3nM，可在1min内快速响应且可重复使用。. (3)制备了三联噻吩衍生物修饰的SiO2反蛋白石光子晶体，经硼氢化钠还原后再经紫外光照射制备得到检测甲醛气体的光子晶体荧光传感器，暴露于甲醛蒸气中20s即可响应，且具有高度选择性。. (4)利用1-(芘基)-3-丁烯胺(PEA)与甲醛发生Aza-Cope重排反应生成荧光产物的特性，通过毛细吸附填充PEA得到高灵敏检测甲醛的PEA-SiO2 反蛋白石光子晶体荧光传感器。最低检测限1.5nM，灵敏度相比之前工作有了明显的提高，在1min内即可响应。.研究结果表明，在三维大孔反蛋白石光子晶体孔隙填充或修饰能与醛专一作用产生荧光的有机分子，借助慢光子效应增强荧光特性，能够实现快速、高选择性及高灵敏检测醛类化合物。这种基于有机小分子功能化光子晶体的荧光传感方法可以通过设计新的功能化有机化合物以开发各种化学传感器。