金属氧化物掺杂对磷酸盐耐碱玻璃纤维性能与结构影响的研究

The improvement of alkaline-resistant glass fibers has significant impact on their application in military construction, national defense, oceanic engineering and so forth, tackling some problems caused by erosion of steel used in concrete and high costs of carbon fibers for concrete etc. On the other hand, this program, based on a host of studies, aims to propose the solution that introducing various oxides into phosphate glasses to enhance their resistance to alkali corrosion for the application of concrete enforcement because of the high expense and low feasibility of the traditional glass fibers that are manufactured from silicates, as well as the inferior alkaline-resistance. Meanwhile, all the phosphate glasses would be made into fibers. Afterwards, we would integrate results from FTIR, NMR, etc. into our studies to analyze changes in the microstructure. Further work would be done on the relationships among the composition, microstructure and properties to study how the content and oxides doped will influence the microstructure of glasses and their fibers as well as the properties of alkaline-resistance. This program will carry on the fundamental research on alkaline-resistant glass fibers made from phosphate glasses, developing the mechanism underlying the researched glass systems. It would also expand the application ream of phosphate glasses, aiming at producing glasses fibers with excellent properties and low costs.

耐碱玻璃纤维的发展对于军工、国防、海洋工程等领域中的混凝土增强有重要意义，可以克服传统钢筋易于腐蚀和碳纤维成本过高等弊端。由于传统硅酸盐系统的耐碱玻璃纤维成本较高，耐碱性能较差，本项目在大量调研和探索实验的基础上，将通过在磷酸盐玻璃中添加不同的氧化物，改善玻璃的耐碱性能；同时满足玻璃纤维生产工艺制成玻璃纤维。项目将结合红外光谱、核磁共振等测试手段对玻璃及其纤维进行微观结构分析，深入探究玻璃成分、微观结构和玻璃性能之间的关系，得到不同氧化物的种类和含量对玻璃及纤维微观结构以及耐碱性能的影响规律。本课题开展磷酸盐系耐碱玻璃纤维应用基础研究，完善研究体系，拓展磷酸盐玻璃的应用范围，制备出耐碱性能优异，成本低廉的磷酸盐耐碱玻璃纤维。

玻璃纤维增强混凝土应用在多个领域，耐碱玻纤在其中起到非常重要的作用。目前，现有的耐碱玻璃耐碱性虽好，但是价格贵，在应用上会存在一定的限制。因此研制出性能优异且价格合适的耐碱玻璃纤维具有重要的研究意义。本课题首先探索了Al2O3和Fe2O3掺杂对磷酸盐玻璃网络结构与性能的影响；发现了当Al2O3对P2O5的取代量在12.5mol％左右时，其耐碱性能等综合性能要强于铁磷酸盐玻璃，并在此基础上研究掺杂单一碱土金属氧化物和稀土氧化物对玻璃性能的影响，发现了在添加碱土金属氧化物的磷酸盐玻璃中，添加了氧化镁的磷酸盐玻璃的耐碱性能等综合性能得到了明显的提高，基于这些结果逐渐添加ZrO2，发现其玻璃结构变得致密，其耐碱性能得到了更一步的提升；而在添加了稀土氧化物的磷酸盐玻璃中，发现La2O3、CeO2的掺杂量为2.5mol%时，玻璃的耐碱性能等综合性能较优，但添加CeO2的玻璃的耐碱性能等综合性能要较强于添加La2O3的玻璃，基于这些结果掺杂TiO2，发现其增强了玻璃网络交联度，耐碱性能变得更加优异。最后，综合以上研究结果，得到具有较强耐碱性能的玻璃纤维配方，并制得高耐碱性的玻璃纤维。