PSS共形顶展宽平面阵列天线扫描范围研究

Phased arrays, which can achieve high gain and rapid wide-angle scanning, are needed in the fields of early warning, surveillance, guidance, low-earth-orbit satellite communication, etc, however, it is difficult for a conventional planar phased array to satisfy the demand of wide-angle scanning. This project proposes a concept of phase-shifting surfaces (PSS) conformal dome, which can be employed to widen the scanning range of a planar phased array, and improve its performance of scanning as well. Firstly, the implementation scheme of the PSS conformal dome phased array is introduced and demonstrated. Then a novel PSS structure is presented, and the phase-shifting properties with an incident plane wave and a beam from a planar array will be investigated, respectively. Based on this, a desirable conformal dome is designed. At last, a numerical model of the proposed PSS conformal dome phased array is built, as well as a prototype system. At that time, both full-wave simulation and experimental studies are undertaken to demonstrate the proposed model, theory and method.

在预警、侦测、制导、低轨卫星通信等领域，需要增益较高并能实现宽角快速扫描的相控阵天线，然而传统平面相控阵天线难以满足宽角扫描要求。本项目拟提出移相表面共形顶概念，用其扩大平面相控阵扫描范围并改善扫描特性，研究内容包括：提出并论证PSS共形顶相控阵实现方案；设计新型PSS，研究平面波入射以及阵列波束入射情况下的移相特性；进而利用PSS设计符合要求的共形顶；最后，构建PSS共形顶相控阵整体仿真模型以及原理样机，通过全波仿真和实验论证项目所提出模型、理论、方法的准确性。

在预警、侦测、制导、低轨卫星通信等领域，需要增益较高并能实现宽角快速扫描的相控阵天线。然而传统平面相控阵天线难以实现宽空域扫描覆盖，介质共形顶技术虽然能有效展宽平面相控阵扫描范围，但存在加工精度要求较高、损耗较大、径向厚、体积大、重量重等问题。. 针对以上难题，本项目提出PSS共形顶概念并围绕其进行研究。建立了二维及三维共形顶移相模型；基于平面波理论分析了入射角度、极化等因素变化对PSS性能的影响规律；研究了PSS等效电路分析及综合方法；针对原有PSS共形顶实现方案的不足，提出两种优化改进方案；围绕改进方案之一，研制了小型化超材料天线单元、2bit调控网络、数字控制电路等模块，设计并实现了1bit及2bit调控16×16天线阵列；通过理论分析及实验研究，初步论证了方案的可行性。. 项目研究按照计划执行，并完成了各阶段研究目标，但也存在很多不足，后面将继续深入研究。项目研究成果有望为低成本相控阵提供有效解决方案，为车载、机载、弹载、星载等移动小型化平台上的通信及雷达设备提供技术支撑。